This book is part of an evolutionary process of paradigm shift in urban planning thinking in the Anthropocene era. It explores the theoretical advances inherent in environmental planning concepts centered on the urban/rural antagonism. How can this duality be harmonized, given that urban sprawl is compromising the resources of future generations? The innovative approach hypothesis argues that the test of constraints motivates creative postures stimulated by the concepts of biodiversity, recycling, global cost and citizen participation. In short, ecological urbanism fluctuates between the challenges of optimizing the commons and the limits of consumerism. Beyond demographic issues, it puts into perspective the notions of minimalism as a consequence of the ecological transition, urban resilience and its corollary frugality, extending the reflection to a global scale and to all living things. Echoing the circular economy and care, their connection to nature aims to better manage social mixing and the balance between the material and the spiritual.