Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae)
Herausgegeben von Hodek, Ivo; Honek, A.; van Emden, Helmut F.
Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae)
Herausgegeben von Hodek, Ivo; Honek, A.; van Emden, Helmut F.
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Ladybirds are probably the best known predators of aphids and coccids in the world, though this greatly underestimates the diversity of their biology. Maximising their impact on their prey is an important element in modern conservation biological control of indigenous natural enemies in contrast to the classical approach of releasing alien species.
Ivo Hodek is one of the most internationally respected experts on coccinellids who has researched these insects for his entire career. He has now brought together 14 scientists of international standing to author 12 chapters, making this book the…mehr
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Ladybirds are probably the best known predators of aphids and coccids in the world, though this greatly underestimates the diversity of their biology. Maximising their impact on their prey is an important element in modern conservation biological control of indigenous natural enemies in contrast to the classical approach of releasing alien species.
Ivo Hodek is one of the most internationally respected experts on coccinellids who has researched these insects for his entire career. He has now brought together 14 scientists of international standing to author 12 chapters, making this book the definitive treatment of coccinellid biology and ecology.
This volume covers the rapid scientific developments of recent years in the understanding of coccinellid phylogeny, the semiochemicals influencing their behaviour and of molecular genetics. Recent insights in relation to intraguild predation and the assessment of the predatory impact of coccinellids are also covered.
Other special features of the volume are the extensive references covering the literature from both East and West and a taxonomic glossary of the up-to-date nomenclature for species of coccinellids as well as of other organisms mentioned in the text.
While aimed at researchers, university teachers and agricultural entomologists, the book is readable and appropriate for others who just have a liking for these interesting and attractive insects.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Ivo Hodek is one of the most internationally respected experts on coccinellids who has researched these insects for his entire career. He has now brought together 14 scientists of international standing to author 12 chapters, making this book the definitive treatment of coccinellid biology and ecology.
This volume covers the rapid scientific developments of recent years in the understanding of coccinellid phylogeny, the semiochemicals influencing their behaviour and of molecular genetics. Recent insights in relation to intraguild predation and the assessment of the predatory impact of coccinellids are also covered.
Other special features of the volume are the extensive references covering the literature from both East and West and a taxonomic glossary of the up-to-date nomenclature for species of coccinellids as well as of other organisms mentioned in the text.
While aimed at researchers, university teachers and agricultural entomologists, the book is readable and appropriate for others who just have a liking for these interesting and attractive insects.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 2. Aufl.
- Seitenzahl: 600
- Erscheinungstermin: 21. Mai 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 259mm x 200mm x 28mm
- Gewicht: 1324g
- ISBN-13: 9781405184229
- ISBN-10: 1405184221
- Artikelnr.: 34550191
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 2. Aufl.
- Seitenzahl: 600
- Erscheinungstermin: 21. Mai 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 259mm x 200mm x 28mm
- Gewicht: 1324g
- ISBN-13: 9781405184229
- ISBN-10: 1405184221
- Artikelnr.: 34550191
Ivo Hodek has worked on Coccinellidae for over 50 years with most of his career spent at the Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences. Here he was Head of the Ecophysiology Laboratory (1990-1998), and now holds an Emeritus Scientist position there. He has also researched and taught in The Netherlands, France and Japan. He was awarded the J.E. Purkinje Medal of the Czech Academy of Sciences in 2000. In 1965, he founded the "Ecology of Aphidophaga" series of symposia, and since 1985 has been the Editor of the European Journal of Entomology. Alois Honek has taught insect ecology since 1972, and since 1972 has been Senior Research Scientist, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyne, specializing in invertebrate and plant ecology with many research studies on Coccinellidae. He has also had periods of research in Russia and France. After a period of research at Imperial College, London, Helmut van Emden was appointed to the Department of Horticulture at Reading University where he was appointed Professor in 1976 and Head of the Department from 1986-1999. He is currently Emeritus Professor in the School of Biological Sciences. His research has focused on aphids, particularly host plant resistance and biological control. He has conducted several research projects in the tropics and has held visiting appointments at the Universities of California and Queensland. He received the Karl Escherisch Medal of the German General and Applied Entomological Society in 1993.
1 Phylogeny by I. Kovar (Czech Rep.). Phylogenetic relations of the
subfamilies of Coccinellidae are rather complicated and are now a matter of
intensive study. Most recent opinions are summarised.. 2 Variability and
Genetic Studies by M. E. N. Majerus & A. Honek (UK & Czech Rep.). This
chapter considers the range of phenotypic variation exhibited by ladybirds.
Particular attention is paid to the mechanistic and evolutionary causes of
colour pattern polymorphisms. The chapter also considers chromosomal
variation, sex determination and recent advances in the molecular genetics
of coccinellids.. 3 Life History and Development by A. Honek & O. Nedved
(Czech Rep.). The factors (temperature, food, population density) that
influence the rate of development of the four developmental stages (egg,
larva, pupa, adult) are discussed. The population rate of increase is
calculated from data for fecundity, rate of development and survival.. 4
Distribution in Habitats by A. Honek & I. Hodek (Czech Rep.). Firstly the
impact of factors affecting the distribution of coccinellids in habitats
(such as abundance of prey, microclimate, host plants) are analysed, and
then examples of communities are given for forests and hedgerows, orchards,
and several kinds of fields crops.. 5 Food Relationships by I. Hodek & E.
W. Evans (Czech Rep. & USA). Although some coccinellids are phyto- or
mycetophagous, most species feed on insects, often important agricultural
pests, such as aphids, psyllids, aleyrodids and coccids, or even mites.
Several aspects of food ecology are dealt with: mainly food specificity
with special emphasis on the prey that enable successful development of
larvae and reproduction. Discussion includes the tendency to feed on
several kinds of complementary foods. Both the causes and consequences of
diet choice are explored. Several features of foraging behaviour, important
for understanding ladybird impact on pests, are analysed.. 6 Dormancy
(Diapause) by I. Hodek (Czech Rep.). Coccinellids spend a great part of
their adult life in a condition of lowered metabolic rate - hibernation or
aestivation diapause. Survival during this long (often 9 month) period
without food significantly affects the success of post-diapause population
development. The chapter elaborates all aspects of dormancy, such as the
regulation of its onset and termination by endogenous processes and
environmental signals, changes in behaviour and physiological state.
Specific features are dealt with in relation to the 15 most common ladybird
species. 7 Intraguild Relations by E. Lucas (Canada). Temporal and spatial
distribution of aphids promote interactions between different natural
enemies of aphids. Intraguild relations (IGR) are a recent concept, but
constitute one of the main forces influencing the structure and dynamics of
aphidophagous guilds. Several questions are discussed: Can IGP disrupt or
enhance the impact of coccinellids on aphids? How can sublethal effects and
defensive mechanisms modify the behaviour of coccinellids? How do ants,
tending aphids, modulate the relation between aphids and coccinellids?. 8
Natural Enemies of Coccinellidae by P. Ceryngier & M. E. N. Majerus (Poland
& UK). Predators, parasites, parasitoids and pathogenic micro-organisms
attacking coccinellids are considered. Information on the biology and
ecology of these organisms, their geographical distribution, recorded
coccinellid prey/host ranges, and effects on coccinellid individuals
(mortality, fecundity, behaviour) and populations (numbers) is provided as
well as coccinellid defences against them described. The importance of
individual groups of these enemies and their impact on the numbers of
particular developmental stages of coccinellids is also discussed.. 9 Role
of Semiochemicals by J. Pettersson (Sweden). Semiochemicals and aposematism
are mechanisms for survival and protection. Characteristic aposematic
chemistry of coccinellids is discussed as a basis for other
semiochemical-based mechanisms. Aggregation and mating, orientation to
habitats and to prey are considered in so far as they are mediated by
semiochemicals. Ecological plasticity/adaptivity of these phenomena is
discussed.. 10 Impact of Coccinellids in Natural Control by I. Hodek & A.
Honek (Czech Rep.). Principles of the role of ladybirds in natural
regulation of aphid populations are enumerated and attempts at modelling
this process described.. 11 Coccinellids in Biological Control: Utilization
and Evaluation by J. J. Obrycki & J. P. Michaud (USA). The history of
coccinellid introductions in "classical" programmes is summarised in the
first section, along with a discussion of factors that appear to correlate
with their efficacy in particular ecological contexts. Risks inherent to
introductions of predatory coccinellids are also discussed against the
backdrop of the particular example of Harmonia axyridis in North America
which has emerged as an invasive species. The second section deals with
approaches for practical augmentation of coccinellid populations in both
open and closed systems. The third section summarises research on cultural
approaches for the conservation of coccinellid populations in agricultural
ecosystems. Methods suitable for evaluating the impact of coccinellid
predation on prey populatios are reviewed in the fourth section.. 12
Desirable Trends in Future Studies by H. F. van Emden & I. Hodek (UK &
Czech Rep.). The chapter will be based on ideas arrived at by the authors
of chapters 1-11.
subfamilies of Coccinellidae are rather complicated and are now a matter of
intensive study. Most recent opinions are summarised.. 2 Variability and
Genetic Studies by M. E. N. Majerus & A. Honek (UK & Czech Rep.). This
chapter considers the range of phenotypic variation exhibited by ladybirds.
Particular attention is paid to the mechanistic and evolutionary causes of
colour pattern polymorphisms. The chapter also considers chromosomal
variation, sex determination and recent advances in the molecular genetics
of coccinellids.. 3 Life History and Development by A. Honek & O. Nedved
(Czech Rep.). The factors (temperature, food, population density) that
influence the rate of development of the four developmental stages (egg,
larva, pupa, adult) are discussed. The population rate of increase is
calculated from data for fecundity, rate of development and survival.. 4
Distribution in Habitats by A. Honek & I. Hodek (Czech Rep.). Firstly the
impact of factors affecting the distribution of coccinellids in habitats
(such as abundance of prey, microclimate, host plants) are analysed, and
then examples of communities are given for forests and hedgerows, orchards,
and several kinds of fields crops.. 5 Food Relationships by I. Hodek & E.
W. Evans (Czech Rep. & USA). Although some coccinellids are phyto- or
mycetophagous, most species feed on insects, often important agricultural
pests, such as aphids, psyllids, aleyrodids and coccids, or even mites.
Several aspects of food ecology are dealt with: mainly food specificity
with special emphasis on the prey that enable successful development of
larvae and reproduction. Discussion includes the tendency to feed on
several kinds of complementary foods. Both the causes and consequences of
diet choice are explored. Several features of foraging behaviour, important
for understanding ladybird impact on pests, are analysed.. 6 Dormancy
(Diapause) by I. Hodek (Czech Rep.). Coccinellids spend a great part of
their adult life in a condition of lowered metabolic rate - hibernation or
aestivation diapause. Survival during this long (often 9 month) period
without food significantly affects the success of post-diapause population
development. The chapter elaborates all aspects of dormancy, such as the
regulation of its onset and termination by endogenous processes and
environmental signals, changes in behaviour and physiological state.
Specific features are dealt with in relation to the 15 most common ladybird
species. 7 Intraguild Relations by E. Lucas (Canada). Temporal and spatial
distribution of aphids promote interactions between different natural
enemies of aphids. Intraguild relations (IGR) are a recent concept, but
constitute one of the main forces influencing the structure and dynamics of
aphidophagous guilds. Several questions are discussed: Can IGP disrupt or
enhance the impact of coccinellids on aphids? How can sublethal effects and
defensive mechanisms modify the behaviour of coccinellids? How do ants,
tending aphids, modulate the relation between aphids and coccinellids?. 8
Natural Enemies of Coccinellidae by P. Ceryngier & M. E. N. Majerus (Poland
& UK). Predators, parasites, parasitoids and pathogenic micro-organisms
attacking coccinellids are considered. Information on the biology and
ecology of these organisms, their geographical distribution, recorded
coccinellid prey/host ranges, and effects on coccinellid individuals
(mortality, fecundity, behaviour) and populations (numbers) is provided as
well as coccinellid defences against them described. The importance of
individual groups of these enemies and their impact on the numbers of
particular developmental stages of coccinellids is also discussed.. 9 Role
of Semiochemicals by J. Pettersson (Sweden). Semiochemicals and aposematism
are mechanisms for survival and protection. Characteristic aposematic
chemistry of coccinellids is discussed as a basis for other
semiochemical-based mechanisms. Aggregation and mating, orientation to
habitats and to prey are considered in so far as they are mediated by
semiochemicals. Ecological plasticity/adaptivity of these phenomena is
discussed.. 10 Impact of Coccinellids in Natural Control by I. Hodek & A.
Honek (Czech Rep.). Principles of the role of ladybirds in natural
regulation of aphid populations are enumerated and attempts at modelling
this process described.. 11 Coccinellids in Biological Control: Utilization
and Evaluation by J. J. Obrycki & J. P. Michaud (USA). The history of
coccinellid introductions in "classical" programmes is summarised in the
first section, along with a discussion of factors that appear to correlate
with their efficacy in particular ecological contexts. Risks inherent to
introductions of predatory coccinellids are also discussed against the
backdrop of the particular example of Harmonia axyridis in North America
which has emerged as an invasive species. The second section deals with
approaches for practical augmentation of coccinellid populations in both
open and closed systems. The third section summarises research on cultural
approaches for the conservation of coccinellid populations in agricultural
ecosystems. Methods suitable for evaluating the impact of coccinellid
predation on prey populatios are reviewed in the fourth section.. 12
Desirable Trends in Future Studies by H. F. van Emden & I. Hodek (UK &
Czech Rep.). The chapter will be based on ideas arrived at by the authors
of chapters 1-11.
1 Phylogeny by I. Kovar (Czech Rep.). Phylogenetic relations of the
subfamilies of Coccinellidae are rather complicated and are now a matter of
intensive study. Most recent opinions are summarised.. 2 Variability and
Genetic Studies by M. E. N. Majerus & A. Honek (UK & Czech Rep.). This
chapter considers the range of phenotypic variation exhibited by ladybirds.
Particular attention is paid to the mechanistic and evolutionary causes of
colour pattern polymorphisms. The chapter also considers chromosomal
variation, sex determination and recent advances in the molecular genetics
of coccinellids.. 3 Life History and Development by A. Honek & O. Nedved
(Czech Rep.). The factors (temperature, food, population density) that
influence the rate of development of the four developmental stages (egg,
larva, pupa, adult) are discussed. The population rate of increase is
calculated from data for fecundity, rate of development and survival.. 4
Distribution in Habitats by A. Honek & I. Hodek (Czech Rep.). Firstly the
impact of factors affecting the distribution of coccinellids in habitats
(such as abundance of prey, microclimate, host plants) are analysed, and
then examples of communities are given for forests and hedgerows, orchards,
and several kinds of fields crops.. 5 Food Relationships by I. Hodek & E.
W. Evans (Czech Rep. & USA). Although some coccinellids are phyto- or
mycetophagous, most species feed on insects, often important agricultural
pests, such as aphids, psyllids, aleyrodids and coccids, or even mites.
Several aspects of food ecology are dealt with: mainly food specificity
with special emphasis on the prey that enable successful development of
larvae and reproduction. Discussion includes the tendency to feed on
several kinds of complementary foods. Both the causes and consequences of
diet choice are explored. Several features of foraging behaviour, important
for understanding ladybird impact on pests, are analysed.. 6 Dormancy
(Diapause) by I. Hodek (Czech Rep.). Coccinellids spend a great part of
their adult life in a condition of lowered metabolic rate - hibernation or
aestivation diapause. Survival during this long (often 9 month) period
without food significantly affects the success of post-diapause population
development. The chapter elaborates all aspects of dormancy, such as the
regulation of its onset and termination by endogenous processes and
environmental signals, changes in behaviour and physiological state.
Specific features are dealt with in relation to the 15 most common ladybird
species. 7 Intraguild Relations by E. Lucas (Canada). Temporal and spatial
distribution of aphids promote interactions between different natural
enemies of aphids. Intraguild relations (IGR) are a recent concept, but
constitute one of the main forces influencing the structure and dynamics of
aphidophagous guilds. Several questions are discussed: Can IGP disrupt or
enhance the impact of coccinellids on aphids? How can sublethal effects and
defensive mechanisms modify the behaviour of coccinellids? How do ants,
tending aphids, modulate the relation between aphids and coccinellids?. 8
Natural Enemies of Coccinellidae by P. Ceryngier & M. E. N. Majerus (Poland
& UK). Predators, parasites, parasitoids and pathogenic micro-organisms
attacking coccinellids are considered. Information on the biology and
ecology of these organisms, their geographical distribution, recorded
coccinellid prey/host ranges, and effects on coccinellid individuals
(mortality, fecundity, behaviour) and populations (numbers) is provided as
well as coccinellid defences against them described. The importance of
individual groups of these enemies and their impact on the numbers of
particular developmental stages of coccinellids is also discussed.. 9 Role
of Semiochemicals by J. Pettersson (Sweden). Semiochemicals and aposematism
are mechanisms for survival and protection. Characteristic aposematic
chemistry of coccinellids is discussed as a basis for other
semiochemical-based mechanisms. Aggregation and mating, orientation to
habitats and to prey are considered in so far as they are mediated by
semiochemicals. Ecological plasticity/adaptivity of these phenomena is
discussed.. 10 Impact of Coccinellids in Natural Control by I. Hodek & A.
Honek (Czech Rep.). Principles of the role of ladybirds in natural
regulation of aphid populations are enumerated and attempts at modelling
this process described.. 11 Coccinellids in Biological Control: Utilization
and Evaluation by J. J. Obrycki & J. P. Michaud (USA). The history of
coccinellid introductions in "classical" programmes is summarised in the
first section, along with a discussion of factors that appear to correlate
with their efficacy in particular ecological contexts. Risks inherent to
introductions of predatory coccinellids are also discussed against the
backdrop of the particular example of Harmonia axyridis in North America
which has emerged as an invasive species. The second section deals with
approaches for practical augmentation of coccinellid populations in both
open and closed systems. The third section summarises research on cultural
approaches for the conservation of coccinellid populations in agricultural
ecosystems. Methods suitable for evaluating the impact of coccinellid
predation on prey populatios are reviewed in the fourth section.. 12
Desirable Trends in Future Studies by H. F. van Emden & I. Hodek (UK &
Czech Rep.). The chapter will be based on ideas arrived at by the authors
of chapters 1-11.
subfamilies of Coccinellidae are rather complicated and are now a matter of
intensive study. Most recent opinions are summarised.. 2 Variability and
Genetic Studies by M. E. N. Majerus & A. Honek (UK & Czech Rep.). This
chapter considers the range of phenotypic variation exhibited by ladybirds.
Particular attention is paid to the mechanistic and evolutionary causes of
colour pattern polymorphisms. The chapter also considers chromosomal
variation, sex determination and recent advances in the molecular genetics
of coccinellids.. 3 Life History and Development by A. Honek & O. Nedved
(Czech Rep.). The factors (temperature, food, population density) that
influence the rate of development of the four developmental stages (egg,
larva, pupa, adult) are discussed. The population rate of increase is
calculated from data for fecundity, rate of development and survival.. 4
Distribution in Habitats by A. Honek & I. Hodek (Czech Rep.). Firstly the
impact of factors affecting the distribution of coccinellids in habitats
(such as abundance of prey, microclimate, host plants) are analysed, and
then examples of communities are given for forests and hedgerows, orchards,
and several kinds of fields crops.. 5 Food Relationships by I. Hodek & E.
W. Evans (Czech Rep. & USA). Although some coccinellids are phyto- or
mycetophagous, most species feed on insects, often important agricultural
pests, such as aphids, psyllids, aleyrodids and coccids, or even mites.
Several aspects of food ecology are dealt with: mainly food specificity
with special emphasis on the prey that enable successful development of
larvae and reproduction. Discussion includes the tendency to feed on
several kinds of complementary foods. Both the causes and consequences of
diet choice are explored. Several features of foraging behaviour, important
for understanding ladybird impact on pests, are analysed.. 6 Dormancy
(Diapause) by I. Hodek (Czech Rep.). Coccinellids spend a great part of
their adult life in a condition of lowered metabolic rate - hibernation or
aestivation diapause. Survival during this long (often 9 month) period
without food significantly affects the success of post-diapause population
development. The chapter elaborates all aspects of dormancy, such as the
regulation of its onset and termination by endogenous processes and
environmental signals, changes in behaviour and physiological state.
Specific features are dealt with in relation to the 15 most common ladybird
species. 7 Intraguild Relations by E. Lucas (Canada). Temporal and spatial
distribution of aphids promote interactions between different natural
enemies of aphids. Intraguild relations (IGR) are a recent concept, but
constitute one of the main forces influencing the structure and dynamics of
aphidophagous guilds. Several questions are discussed: Can IGP disrupt or
enhance the impact of coccinellids on aphids? How can sublethal effects and
defensive mechanisms modify the behaviour of coccinellids? How do ants,
tending aphids, modulate the relation between aphids and coccinellids?. 8
Natural Enemies of Coccinellidae by P. Ceryngier & M. E. N. Majerus (Poland
& UK). Predators, parasites, parasitoids and pathogenic micro-organisms
attacking coccinellids are considered. Information on the biology and
ecology of these organisms, their geographical distribution, recorded
coccinellid prey/host ranges, and effects on coccinellid individuals
(mortality, fecundity, behaviour) and populations (numbers) is provided as
well as coccinellid defences against them described. The importance of
individual groups of these enemies and their impact on the numbers of
particular developmental stages of coccinellids is also discussed.. 9 Role
of Semiochemicals by J. Pettersson (Sweden). Semiochemicals and aposematism
are mechanisms for survival and protection. Characteristic aposematic
chemistry of coccinellids is discussed as a basis for other
semiochemical-based mechanisms. Aggregation and mating, orientation to
habitats and to prey are considered in so far as they are mediated by
semiochemicals. Ecological plasticity/adaptivity of these phenomena is
discussed.. 10 Impact of Coccinellids in Natural Control by I. Hodek & A.
Honek (Czech Rep.). Principles of the role of ladybirds in natural
regulation of aphid populations are enumerated and attempts at modelling
this process described.. 11 Coccinellids in Biological Control: Utilization
and Evaluation by J. J. Obrycki & J. P. Michaud (USA). The history of
coccinellid introductions in "classical" programmes is summarised in the
first section, along with a discussion of factors that appear to correlate
with their efficacy in particular ecological contexts. Risks inherent to
introductions of predatory coccinellids are also discussed against the
backdrop of the particular example of Harmonia axyridis in North America
which has emerged as an invasive species. The second section deals with
approaches for practical augmentation of coccinellid populations in both
open and closed systems. The third section summarises research on cultural
approaches for the conservation of coccinellid populations in agricultural
ecosystems. Methods suitable for evaluating the impact of coccinellid
predation on prey populatios are reviewed in the fourth section.. 12
Desirable Trends in Future Studies by H. F. van Emden & I. Hodek (UK &
Czech Rep.). The chapter will be based on ideas arrived at by the authors
of chapters 1-11.