Ecology of Threatened Semi-Arid Wetlands

Long-Term Research in Las Tablas de Daimiel
Herausgegeben:Sánchez-Carrillo, Salvador; Angeler, David G.

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Playing a critical role in both influencing climate change and mitigating its impacts, the world's diverse wetlands have become one of the world's most threatened ecosystems as unsustainable land-use practices coupled with irrational use of water have already resulted in large-scale wetlands loss and degradation.To develop sound management and conservation schemes to assure wetlands sustainability in the long term requires long-term understanding of wetlands ecology. Yet until now, long-term interdisciplinary research into these systems has been limited to only a few systems from tropical or temperate climates (such as the Florida Everglades, and Czech biosphere reserve). This new book adds to the existing wetlands literature, providing a unique reference in basic and applied Mediterranean wetland ecology, based on results from long-term interdisciplinary research at the RAMSAR and UNESCO Biosphere site, of Las Tablas de Daimiel, Spain.Dating back to the early 1990s the research highlights changes in the biotic and abiotic environment in response to cumulative anthropogenic stressors, and provide guidance on applying this understand to sound management and conservation. With particular relevance to researchers dealing with semi-arid wetlands in the Mediterranean and elsewhere, as well as to resource managers, the book discusses the complexity of the interacting abiotic and biotic environment across different spatial and temporal scales and across various levels of biological hierarchy is highlighted, and reveals how management based on poor knowledge causes more damage than repair.The book will be of interest to researchers interested in freshwater ecology, hydrobotany, hydrology, geology, biogeochemistry, landscape ecology and environmental management.

Produktdetails

• Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management 2
• Verlag: Springer / Springer Netherlands
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 12804955, 978-90-481-9180-2
• 2010
• Seitenzahl: 308
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. August 2010
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 241mm x 160mm x 24mm
• Gewicht: 695g
• ISBN-13: 9789048191802
• ISBN-10: 9048191807
• Artikelnr.: 29001136

Inhaltsangabe

Part I Introductory Chapter

1 The Wetland, Its Catchment Settings and Socioeconomic Relevance: An Overview

S. Sánchez-Carrillo, D.G. Angeler, S. Cirujano, and M. Álvarez-Cobelas

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Wetland: Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park

1.3 The Upper Guadiana Basin and the UNESCO's La Mancha Húmeda Biosphere Reserve

1.4 Groundwater Overexploitation and the Wetland Complex

1.5 Socioeconomic Aspects in the Upper Guadiana Basin

1.6 A Chronological Summary of TDNP Impacts and Its Degradation

References

Part II Abiotic Environment and Historical Reconstructions

2 Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Las Tablas de Daimiel and Its Evolution During the Quaternary Period

B. Ruiz-Zapata, M.J. Gil-García, and I. de Bustamante

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Material and Methods

2.3 Overview of Vegetation Composition in La Mancha Region During Quaternary Period: Palaeo-Sequences Description

2.3.1 Landscape Evolution from 325,000 to 21,000 Years BP: LT, TD, TASG-1 and FUENT-1 Profiles

2.3.2 Landscape Evolution from 11,000 to 4,000 Years BP: MO and CC-17 Sequences

2.3.3 Landscape Evolution from 4,000 Years BP to the Present: CC-17 and Gigüela 4.2 Paleo-records

2.4 Summary of Climatic and Wetland Environmental Evolution During the Quaternary Period

2.4.1 Middle Pleistocene

2.4.2 Upper Pleistocene

2.4.3 Holocene

References

3 Climate and Hydrologic Trends: Climate Change Versus Hydrologic Overexploitation as Determinants of theFluctuating Wetland Hydrology

S. Sánchez-Carrillo and M. Álvarez-Cobelas

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Material and Methods

3.3 Long-Term Climate Trends

3.4 An Historical Analysis of Wetland Hydroperiod and Inundation Patterns: The Importance of Groundwater

3.5 Long-Term Changes in the Wetland Water Budget: Hydrologic Degradation

3.6 Causes of Wetland Hydrologic Degradation: Climate Change Versus Hydrologic Overexploitation

3.7 Evapotranspiration Controls of Wetland Hydrology: A Conceptual Model

3.8 A Wetland Hydrological Model for Hydroperiod Restoration

3.9 Future Scenarios of TDNP Hydrology

References

4 The Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Wetland Loss and Habitat Quality Deterioration in the Upper Guadiana River Basin: A Long-Term Assessment (1970-2000)

R. Sánchez-Andrés, M.O. Viedma, and S. Sánchez-Carrillo

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Material and Methods

4.3 Wetland Cover and Extent of Hydrodynamic Types in the Early 1970s

4.4 Land Use-Land Cover Changes and Socioeconomic Indicators During 1978-2000

4.5 Wetland Losses from 1970 to 2000

4.6 Wetland Habitat Quality Evolution During the Period 1978-2000

4.7 Patterns on Wetland Loss and Habitat Quality Deterioration: the Infl uence of the Main Anthropogenic

Stressors at Local and Regional Scales

References

5 A Story of the Wetland Water Quality Deterioration: Salinization, Pollution, Eutrophication and Siltation

M. Álvarez-Cobelas, S. Sánchez-Carrillo, S.Cirujano, and D.G. Angeler

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Materials and Methods

5.3 Salinization and Major Ionic Composition

5.4 Water Pollution

5.5 Nutrient Dynamics and Eutrophication

5.6 Spatial Heterogeneity of Nutrient Controls

5.7 Wetland Sedimentation and Siltation

References

Part III Ecological Communities

6 Plankton Ecology and Diversity

C. Rojo and M.A. Rodrigo

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Materials and Methods

6.2.1 Field Sampling and Counting Techniques

6.2.2 Indexes and Statistical Methods

6.3 Diversity of Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Picopl

6.4 Bacteria and Autotrophic Picoplankton Dynamics

6.5 Species Composition and Diversity of Phytoplankton

6.6 Phytoplankton Abundance Dynamics

6.7 Species Composition and Diversity of Zooplankton

6.8 Zooplankton Abundance Dynamics

6.9 Bacterioplankton and APP Relationship with Abiotic and Biotic Factors

6.10 Environmental Factors Related to Phytoplankton

6.11 Environmental Factors Related to Zooplankton and the Food Web

References

7 Macrophyte Ecology and Its Long-term Dynamics

S. Cirujano, M. Álvarez-Cobelas, and R. Sánchez-Andrés

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Materials and Methods

7.2.1 Surveys and Reconstructions

7.2.2 Estimation of Growth and Decay

7.2.3 Biomass and Primary Production Estimations

7.2.4 Spatial Distribution of Helophytes

7.3 Aquatic Flora

7.4 Helophyte Cover and Growth

7.5 Plant Biomass, Production and Decomposition

7.6 Spatial Heterogeneity of Helophytes

References

8 Fish and Avian Communities: A Testimony of Wetland Degradation

M. Álvarez-Cobelas

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Fish Communities

8.2.1 Material and Methods

8.2.2 Results and Discussion

8.3 Avian Communities

8.3.1 Material and Methods

8.3.2 Results and Discussion

References

Part IV Applied Issues

9 Biomanipulation: A Useful Tool for Wetland Rehabilitation

D.G. Angeler

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Biomanipulation: Theory and Rationale

9.3 Biomanipulation in Wetlands: Applying a Lake Restoration Tool

9.4 Biomanipulation in Wetlands: Extending the Paradigm

9.5 Biomanipulation: A Model for Las Tablas de Daimiel

9.6 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

10 Analysis of Applied Environmental Management Strategies for Wetland Conservation During the Last 30 Years: A Local History

S. Cirujano, M. Álvarez-Cobelas, and C. Ruíz de la Hermosa

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Wetland Conservation in Spain Until 1970

10.3 Wetland Restoration, Conservation and Management Since 1970: Common Problems Across Spain

10.4 Las Tablas de Daimiel: A Case Study

References

Part V Cultural andSocietal Aspects

11 The Man and Las Tablas de Daimiel

M. Alvarez-Cobelas, S. Cirujano, and A. Meco

11.1 Early Settlement

11.2 From Roman Colonization to Lower Middle Age

11.3 Modern Age

11.4 The Twentieth Century

11.5 Ecosystem Health and the Future of Man in TDNP de Daimiel

References

Part VI Concluding Chapter

12 Synthesis: The Past, Present and Future of Las Tablas de Daimiel

David G. Angeler and Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo

12.1 Background and Current State of Las Tablas de Daimel

12.2 Missing Research Links: The Ecological Challenge

12.2.1 Research at the Local Scale

12.2.2 Research Beyond the Wetland Boundary

12.3 The Future: The Socioeconomic Challenge

12.4 Conclusion

References

Index

---

Part I Introductory Chapter

1 The Wetland, Its Catchment Settings and Socioeconomic Relevance: An Overview

S. Sánchez-Carrillo, D.G. Angeler, S. Cirujano, and M. Álvarez-Cobelas

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Wetland: Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park

1.3 The Upper Guadiana Basin and the UNESCO’s La Mancha Húmeda Biosphere Reserve

1.4 Groundwater Overexploitation and the Wetland Complex

1.5 Socioeconomic Aspects in the Upper Guadiana Basin

1.6 A Chronological Summary of TDNP Impacts and Its Degradation

References

Part II Abiotic Environment and Historical Reconstructions

2 Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Las Tablas de Daimiel and Its Evolution During the Quaternary Period

B. Ruiz-Zapata, M.J. Gil-García, and I. de Bustamante

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Material and Methods

2.3 Overview of Vegetation Composition in La Mancha Region During Quaternary Period: Palaeo-Sequences Description

2.3.1 Landscape Evolution from 325,000 to 21,000 Years BP: LT, TD, TASG-1 and FUENT-1 Profiles

2.3.2 Landscape Evolution from 11,000 to 4,000 Years BP: MO and CC-17 Sequences

2.3.3 Landscape Evolution from 4,000 Years BP to the Present: CC-17 and Gigüela 4.2 Paleo-records

2.4 Summary of Climatic and Wetland Environmental Evolution During the Quaternary Period

2.4.1 Middle Pleistocene

2.4.2 Upper Pleistocene

2.4.3 Holocene

References

3 Climate and Hydrologic Trends: Climate Change Versus Hydrologic Overexploitation as Determinants of theFluctuating Wetland Hydrology

S. Sánchez-Carrillo and M. Álvarez-Cobelas

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Material and Methods

3.3 Long-Term Climate Trends

3.4 An Historical Analysis of Wetland Hydroperiod and Inundation Patterns: The Importance of Groundwater

3.5 Long-Term Changes in the Wetland Water Budget: Hydrologic Degradation

3.6 Causes of Wetland Hydrologic Degradation: Climate Change Versus Hydrologic Overexploitation

3.7 Evapotranspiration Controls of Wetland Hydrology: A Conceptual Model

3.8 A Wetland Hydrological Model for Hydroperiod Restoration

3.9 Future Scenarios of TDNP Hydrology

References

4 The Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Wetland Loss and Habitat Quality Deterioration in the Upper Guadiana River Basin: A Long-Term Assessment (1970–2000)

R. Sánchez-Andrés, M.O. Viedma, and S. Sánchez-Carrillo

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Material and Methods

4.3 Wetland Cover and Extent of Hydrodynamic Types in the Early 1970s

4.4 Land Use–Land Cover Changes and Socioeconomic Indicators During 1978–2000

4.5 Wetland Losses from 1970 to 2000

4.6 Wetland Habitat Quality Evolution During the Period 1978–2000

4.7 Patterns on Wetland Loss and Habitat Quality Deterioration: the Infl uence of the Main Anthropogenic

Stressors at Local and Regional Scales

References

5 A Story of the Wetland Water Quality Deterioration: Salinization, Pollution, Eutrophication and Siltation

M. Álvarez-Cobelas, S. Sánchez-Carrillo, S.Cirujano, and D.G. Angeler

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Materials and Methods

5.3 Salinization and Major Ionic Composition

5.4 Water Pollution

5.5 Nutrient Dynamics and Eutrophication

5.6 Spatial Heterogeneity of Nutrient Controls

5.7 Wetland Sedimentation and Siltation

References

Part III Ecological Communities

6 Plankton Ecology and Diversity

C. Rojo and M.A. Rodrigo

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Materials and Methods

6.2.1 Field Sampling and Counting Techniques

6.2.2 Indexes and Statistical Methods

6.3 Diversity of Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Picopl

6.4 Bacteria and Autotrophic Picoplankton Dynamics

6.5 Species Composition and Diversity of Phytoplankton

6.6 Phytoplankton Abundance Dynamics

6.7 Species Composition and Diversity of Zooplankton

6.8 Zooplankton Abundance Dynamics

6.9 Bacterioplankton and APP Relationship with Abiotic and Biotic Factors

6.10 Environmental Factors Related to Phytoplankton

6.11 Environmental Factors Related to Zooplankton and the Food Web

References

7 Macrophyte Ecology and Its Long-term Dynamics

S. Cirujano, M. Álvarez-Cobelas, and R. Sánchez-Andrés

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Materials and Methods

7.2.1 Surveys and Reconstructions

7.2.2 Estimation of Growth and Decay

7.2.3 Biomass and Primary Production Estimations

7.2.4 Spatial Distribution of Helophytes

7.3 Aquatic Flora

7.4 Helophyte Cover and Growth

7.5 Plant Biomass, Production and Decomposition

7.6 Spatial Heterogeneity of Helophytes

References

8 Fish and Avian Communities: A Testimony of Wetland Degradation

M. Álvarez-Cobelas

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Fish Communities

8.2.1 Material and Methods

8.2.2 Results and Discussion

8.3 Avian Communities

8.3.1 Material and Methods

8.3.2 Results and Discussion

References

Part IV Applied Issues

9 Biomanipulation: A Useful Tool for Wetland Rehabilitation

D.G. Angeler

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Biomanipulation: Theory and Rationale

9.3 Biomanipulation in Wetlands: Applying a Lake Restoration Tool

9.4 Biomanipulation in Wetlands: Extending the Paradigm

9.5 Biomanipulation: A Model for Las Tablas de Daimiel

9.6 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

10 Analysis of Applied Environmental Management Strategies for Wetland Conservation During the Last 30 Years: A Local History

S. Cirujano, M. Álvarez-Cobelas, and C. Ruíz de la Hermosa

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Wetland Conservation in Spain Until 1970

10.3 Wetland Restoration, Conservation and Management Since 1970: Common Problems Across Spain

10.4 Las Tablas de Daimiel: A Case Study

References

Part V Cultural andSocietal Aspects

11 The Man and Las Tablas de Daimiel

M. Alvarez-Cobelas, S. Cirujano, and A. Meco

11.1 Early Settlement

11.2 From Roman Colonization to Lower Middle Age

11.3 Modern Age

11.4 The Twentieth Century

11.5 Ecosystem Health and the Future of Man in TDNP de Daimiel

References

Part VI Concluding Chapter

12 Synthesis: The Past, Present and Future of Las Tablas de Daimiel

David G. Angeler and Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo

12.1 Background and Current State of Las Tablas de Daimel

12.2 Missing Research Links: The Ecological Challenge

12.2.1 Research at the Local Scale

12.2.2 Research Beyond the Wetland Boundary

12.3 The Future: The Socioeconomic Challenge

12.4 Conclusion

References

Index