This book presents an analysis of oil-rich countries in the ECCAS zone (Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States) over the period from 1996 to 2015 with the aim of identifying the nature of the empirical relationship between oil rent, economic growth and institutional quality. To this end, we highlight the effects of oil rent and institutional quality on growth in ECCAS countries. The estimation of panel fixed-effect models has enabled us to highlight a positive direct effect of oil rent on growth; moreover, the existence of a non-linear relationship between rent and growth has been demonstrated. We were also able to highlight the key role of institutional quality for growth in the ECCAS countries.