In many agricultural areas of Africa, soil acidity is among constraints of agricultural activities. Lime plays a great role in agriculture, it is considered as important in correcting acidic soils for improved crop yields. In addition, to achieve sustainability of agricultural activities, lime is considered as the pillar for constantly production of food crops. Limestone deposits are scattered in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa and are well suited for agricultural purposes. In order to value local lime deposit, it is important to analyze and contrast their effects on soil properties and yield of crops. Therefore, this book reviewed and analyzed soil acidification, quality and effects of different limes available in Rwanda with main focus on lime effects on soil properties and yield of Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum.L).