This book has addressed both social structural constraints and issues in the effective empowerment of dalits. The issues specifically focused in this research are the caste based discriminations, functional inequalities, spatial segregation, alienation of dalits, problem in utilizing the common resources, lacunae in the social security programmes and improper implementation of the provisions of the programmes of policies of protective discrimination and other social legislation. This book has also come out with useful action points covering suggestive measures for GOs, NGOs, CBOs, PRIs, CSR and Academic Institutions. On the whole this book provides a comprehensive knowledge on the social structure, constraints in effective empowerment of dalits. This book is an excellent outcome of the painful intellectual work which provides leads towards revisiting policy of protective discrimination and incorporation of suggestion towards effective empowerment of dalits in TamilNadu.