Dentin debris is created during instrumentation, and its complete removal from the root canal remains a challenge. Future anti-debris strategies are likely to combine chemical effects with physical energy. Endodontic irrigating solutions can kill bacteria in infected dentin, depending on the type and concentration of the irrigant, and time of exposure. However, serious concerns have been expressed regarding weakening of dentin strength by irrigation. Irrigation-dentin interaction will be one of the key areas of future research in order to optimize the desired effects of irrigation and to minimize the harmful effects, which might lead, at worst, to longitudinal tooth fracture.