Elections in America provides a thorough and objective explanation of American elections at the local, state, and national levels. It discusses laws and practices that govern elections, the history of elections and voting rights, and contemporary voting controversies. Elections in America is an all-in-one resource for understanding the many facets of elections and voting trends since the United States came into being. It explains how, when, and why the franchise expanded in fits and starts after America's founding and the various controversies over voting rights and vote counting that swirl…mehr
Elections in America provides a thorough and objective explanation of American elections at the local, state, and national levels. It discusses laws and practices that govern elections, the history of elections and voting rights, and contemporary voting controversies. Elections in America is an all-in-one resource for understanding the many facets of elections and voting trends since the United States came into being. It explains how, when, and why the franchise expanded in fits and starts after America's founding and the various controversies over voting rights and vote counting that swirl around elections today. It reviews the major landmark court decisions that have impacted electoral politics, discusses how America's two-party system has shaped elections, and provides information on major organizations, groups, and people battling over voting rights and election laws. In addition, this resource provides a suite of original essays from election scholars on different aspects of U.S. electoral politics, as well as a carefully curated selection of primary documents illuminating important developments in American election history. The book also contains a comprehensive annotated list of academic resources to guide the reader towards further research on topics of interest.
Michael C. LeMay is professor emeritus of political science at California State University, San Bernardino, CA.
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Preface 1 Background and History Introduction: Determinants of the Great Diversity of U.S. Elections Elections Constitutional Provisions Regarding Elections in America Elections at the National Level Origins of the Two-Party System Competing to Replace the Whigs From Reconstruction to the Progressive Era Great Depression Ushers in New Political Era Voting Reforms amid Political Change Elections at the State Level State Governorships Elections at the Local Level Expansion of the Franchise by Law Practice and Court Decisions Expansion of the Franchise in America's First 100 Years Triumphs and Setbacks in Voting Rights since the Civil War Types of Elections Waning Parties and Rising Interest Groups in American Elections Bibliography 2 Problems Controversies and Solutions Introduction Who Gets to Vote? Hyperpartisan Tribalism Gerrymandering of Electoral Districts Campaign Costs and Election Finance Reform Recruitment of Candidates Facets of Political Culture Political Participation and Religion New Political Culture Media and Elections Politically Motivated News Source Preferences and Beliefs Interest Groups and Elections The Impact of Federalism The Mechanics of Elections Bibliography 3 Perspectives Introduction Equality and Constitutional Electoral Reform: Problems and Prospects Ken Bedell Is Colorado a One-Party State? Tom Cronin and Bob Loevy Thoughts on the 2020 Election Sara Hagedorn Colorado's Election System: A National Model Beth Hendrix Voter Suppression and the Exclusion of American Citizenship Adam Le The Kornacki Effect: Vote Count Framing in a Pandemic Year Kimberly Nalder Social Justice Protests and the 2020 Presidential Election August H. Nimtz Indigenous Voters Helped Swing the 2020 Election Anna V. Smith Latinx Voting Behavior: Key Insights from Recent Presidential Elections José D. Villalobos 4 Profiles Introduction Organizations ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) ActBlue AFL-CIO Workers' Voices PAC American Bridge 21st Century Americans for Prosperity American Heritage Society Brennan Center for Justice Center for American Progress (CAP) Club for Growth Constitution Center Democratic National Committee (DNC) Emily's List Federalist Society (FS) Federal Election Commission (FEC) Green Party of the United States (GPUS) League of Women Voters (LWV) Lincoln Project Make America Great Again (MAGA) PAC/Save America PAC NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) National Conference of State Legislatures National Democratic Redistricting Committee National Rifle Association (NRA) Pew Research Center Priorities USA Republican National Committee (RNC) U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) U.S. Elections Assistance Commission (EAC) WinRed People Becker David Bush George W. Clarke Kristen Elazar Daniel Feingold Russ Harrison Jaime Hill Erin Holder Eric Koch David Limbaugh Rush McCain John McDaniel Ronna Nader Ralph Obama Barack Reagan Ronald Rehnquist William Richards Cecile Roberts John Roosevelt Franklin D. Sanders Bernie Schumer Charles Stein Jill Trump Donald Turner Deborah Ann Van Buren Martin Warren Earl Bibliography 5 Data and Documents Introduction Data Table 5.1: States Ranked by Date of Entrance to the Union Table 5.2: State Election Officials by State Table 5.3: States with Multiple Election Officials Table 5.4: Types of Primary Elections Used in the American States Table 5.5: Political Party Percentage from 2020 Exit Polls (ABC News) Table 5.6: Six U.S. Supreme Court Cases Involving the 10th and 14th Amendments Table 5.7: Major Civil Rights Acts Passed by the U.S. Congress 1866-1993 Table 5.8: Exemplary Powerful Super PACs Table 5.9: The Cost of U.S. Elections 1998-2020 Table 5.10: Supreme Court Cases Impacting Gerrymandering Table 5.11: Campaign Finance Laws and Supreme Court Decisions Timeline Table 5.12: States Ranked by Percent VEP Turnout Rate 2020 U.S. Election Table 5.13: States Ranked by the Cook Partisan Voting Index (CPVI) 2020 Table 5.14: Electoral College Vote (ECV) by State 2020 Table 5.15: Party Identification Annual Averages 2010-2020 Table 5.16: Most Popular News Platforms for Government and Politics November 2020 Documents Acts of Congress Doc. 5.1: Census Clause of the U.S. Constitution Article I Section 2 Clause 3 Doc. 5.2: The Hatch Act Doc. 5.3: The McCarran-Walter Act Doc. 5.4: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Doc. 5.5: The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 Doc. 5.6: The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 Supreme Court Decisions Doc. 5.7: Reynolds v. Sims 377 U.S. 533 1964 Doc. 5.8: Excerpts of the Case Summary in Bush v. Gore 2000 Doc. 5.9: FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life Inc. 2007 Doc. 5.10: Citizens United v. FEC 2010 Doc. 5.11: McCutcheon v. FEC 2014 Doc. 5.12: Rucho v. Common Cause 2019 Justice Kagan's Dissenting Opinion 6 Resources Introduction Books Leading Scholarly Journals Websites Documentaries 7 Chronology Glossary Index
Preface 1 Background and History Introduction: Determinants of the Great Diversity of U.S. Elections Elections Constitutional Provisions Regarding Elections in America Elections at the National Level Origins of the Two-Party System Competing to Replace the Whigs From Reconstruction to the Progressive Era Great Depression Ushers in New Political Era Voting Reforms amid Political Change Elections at the State Level State Governorships Elections at the Local Level Expansion of the Franchise by Law Practice and Court Decisions Expansion of the Franchise in America's First 100 Years Triumphs and Setbacks in Voting Rights since the Civil War Types of Elections Waning Parties and Rising Interest Groups in American Elections Bibliography 2 Problems Controversies and Solutions Introduction Who Gets to Vote? Hyperpartisan Tribalism Gerrymandering of Electoral Districts Campaign Costs and Election Finance Reform Recruitment of Candidates Facets of Political Culture Political Participation and Religion New Political Culture Media and Elections Politically Motivated News Source Preferences and Beliefs Interest Groups and Elections The Impact of Federalism The Mechanics of Elections Bibliography 3 Perspectives Introduction Equality and Constitutional Electoral Reform: Problems and Prospects Ken Bedell Is Colorado a One-Party State? Tom Cronin and Bob Loevy Thoughts on the 2020 Election Sara Hagedorn Colorado's Election System: A National Model Beth Hendrix Voter Suppression and the Exclusion of American Citizenship Adam Le The Kornacki Effect: Vote Count Framing in a Pandemic Year Kimberly Nalder Social Justice Protests and the 2020 Presidential Election August H. Nimtz Indigenous Voters Helped Swing the 2020 Election Anna V. Smith Latinx Voting Behavior: Key Insights from Recent Presidential Elections José D. Villalobos 4 Profiles Introduction Organizations ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) ActBlue AFL-CIO Workers' Voices PAC American Bridge 21st Century Americans for Prosperity American Heritage Society Brennan Center for Justice Center for American Progress (CAP) Club for Growth Constitution Center Democratic National Committee (DNC) Emily's List Federalist Society (FS) Federal Election Commission (FEC) Green Party of the United States (GPUS) League of Women Voters (LWV) Lincoln Project Make America Great Again (MAGA) PAC/Save America PAC NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) National Conference of State Legislatures National Democratic Redistricting Committee National Rifle Association (NRA) Pew Research Center Priorities USA Republican National Committee (RNC) U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) U.S. Elections Assistance Commission (EAC) WinRed People Becker David Bush George W. Clarke Kristen Elazar Daniel Feingold Russ Harrison Jaime Hill Erin Holder Eric Koch David Limbaugh Rush McCain John McDaniel Ronna Nader Ralph Obama Barack Reagan Ronald Rehnquist William Richards Cecile Roberts John Roosevelt Franklin D. Sanders Bernie Schumer Charles Stein Jill Trump Donald Turner Deborah Ann Van Buren Martin Warren Earl Bibliography 5 Data and Documents Introduction Data Table 5.1: States Ranked by Date of Entrance to the Union Table 5.2: State Election Officials by State Table 5.3: States with Multiple Election Officials Table 5.4: Types of Primary Elections Used in the American States Table 5.5: Political Party Percentage from 2020 Exit Polls (ABC News) Table 5.6: Six U.S. Supreme Court Cases Involving the 10th and 14th Amendments Table 5.7: Major Civil Rights Acts Passed by the U.S. Congress 1866-1993 Table 5.8: Exemplary Powerful Super PACs Table 5.9: The Cost of U.S. Elections 1998-2020 Table 5.10: Supreme Court Cases Impacting Gerrymandering Table 5.11: Campaign Finance Laws and Supreme Court Decisions Timeline Table 5.12: States Ranked by Percent VEP Turnout Rate 2020 U.S. Election Table 5.13: States Ranked by the Cook Partisan Voting Index (CPVI) 2020 Table 5.14: Electoral College Vote (ECV) by State 2020 Table 5.15: Party Identification Annual Averages 2010-2020 Table 5.16: Most Popular News Platforms for Government and Politics November 2020 Documents Acts of Congress Doc. 5.1: Census Clause of the U.S. Constitution Article I Section 2 Clause 3 Doc. 5.2: The Hatch Act Doc. 5.3: The McCarran-Walter Act Doc. 5.4: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Doc. 5.5: The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 Doc. 5.6: The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 Supreme Court Decisions Doc. 5.7: Reynolds v. Sims 377 U.S. 533 1964 Doc. 5.8: Excerpts of the Case Summary in Bush v. Gore 2000 Doc. 5.9: FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life Inc. 2007 Doc. 5.10: Citizens United v. FEC 2010 Doc. 5.11: McCutcheon v. FEC 2014 Doc. 5.12: Rucho v. Common Cause 2019 Justice Kagan's Dissenting Opinion 6 Resources Introduction Books Leading Scholarly Journals Websites Documentaries 7 Chronology Glossary Index
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