Digambar M Tagare

Electricity Power Generation

The Changing Dimensions

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This book offers an analytical overview of established electric generation processes, along with the present status & improvements for meeting the strains of reconstruction. These old methods are hydro-electric, thermal & nuclear power production. The book covers climatic constraints; their affects and how they are shaping thermal production. The book also covers the main renewable energy sources, wind and PV cells and the hybrids arising out of these. It covers distributed generation which already has a large presence is now being joined by wind & PV energies. It covers their accommodation in the present system. It introduces energy stores for electricity; when they burst upon the scene in full strength are expected to revolutionize electricity production. In all the subjects covered, there are references to power marketing & how it is shaping production. There will also be a reference chapter on how the power market works.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: 24. Mai 2011
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 26mm
• Gewicht: 774g
• ISBN-13: 9780470600283
• ISBN-10: 0470600284
• Artikelnr.: 29337418

Autorenporträt

Digamber M. Tagare is founder and Managing Director of Madhav Capacitors Pvt. Ltd. He is responsible for bringing capacitor manufacturing technology to India, and was awarded with the title of "Father of Capacitor Industries in India" from Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association (IEEMA) in 2002. Mr. Tagare has published more than 100 technical papers and four books on capacitors and reactive power management. He is a member of both the National Association of Corrosion Engineers and the Electrical Research Association, as well as a Senior Life Member of the IEEE.

Inhaltsangabe

1. Electricity History
A Review & the Road Ahead. References: 2. Hydro Electricity Generation Part 1
Slow progress in hydro
electricity. Risks Involved. Operation and maintenance of hydro
electricity generators.
Capability curve
Efficiency of a hydro unit a) Monitoring & forecasting, b) Diagnosis & prognosis and c) Maintenance decision making.
Control stations
Technical management station
Unit simulating platform
Partial discharges (PD) in the stator coils
Air gap monitoring of vertical hydraulic generators References: 3. Hydro Electricity Generation Part 2 Pumped Storage Electricity Systems. Minor Hydro
electricity Systems. Oceanic Energy Based Electricity Systems. 1)Dam based
SHPs 2)Canal based
SHPs 3)Run of the river
SHPs
European wave energy potential
Islay wave energy conversion system Annexure 1
World's largest Hydro
electric project
Itaipu project #1
Itaipu Hydro
project #2
Worlds largest Hydro
electric project
China Annexure 2
Remote control of a hydroelectric system at Guri Working of the Guri control system References: 4.THE THERMAL POWER GENERATION PART1
STEAM GENERATORS
A Modern 100 Mws Boiler
A vertical water wall furnace with refilled tubes a)Base Load Generator b)Peak Load Generators c)Intermediate Load Generators
A Denitrifying Arrangement
Gas turbine parameters
Advances in Synchronous Generators
Generator conductor temperatures & hot spots
Roebling method of bar insulation:
Power formers
HV Generators
Variable frequency excitation control References 5.THE THERMAL POWER GENERATION PART 2
THE THERMAL STATION OPERATIONS, TODAY'S RIGID FREQUENCY & VOLTAGE CONTROLS. Unit commitments: Then & Now: Growing importance of frequency control Overloading by a grid member by tinkering with frequency control Annexure 1
Energy Efficiency Program Annexure 2
Capability Curves for a 200 and a 500 Mws Generators Annexure 3
Design of an MHD Generator System & its output conversion References 6. Environmental Constraints in Thermal Power Generation. Part 1 Acid Rains. Annexure 1
Ambient air quality standards for residential areas. Annexure 2
Ambient air quality standards for industrial areas. Annexure 3
Details on Desulphurization of flue gases as published by EIA for USA Average Flue Gas Desulfurization Costs, 1996 through 2007 References 7. Environmental constraints in Thermal Power Generation. Part 2
Carbon Clouds
Kyoto Proposals
Emission Reductions Units
Joint implementation
CDM
The eligibility criteria (Clause no 3.1 of Kyoto mechanisms)
Additionality factor
REPC
Renewable Energy Production Credit
REPS
Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards
TREC
Tradable Energy Credit Annexure 1 Default efficiency factors for power plants References 8. NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION
The Process in Brief:
The Risks Involved:
The scope: Scattered Designs and Systems. a)PWR
Pressurized water reactor system based, b)BWR
Boiling water reactor system based c)ABWR Advanced Boiling Water reactor system based. 1.NPPs for small grids 2.Helps to set up Hydrogen Era 3.Management of Anctides Annexure 1. Nuclear reactor accident at Three Mile Island
USA in 1979 Annexure 2. The Chernobyl accident Annexure 3. Nuclear Energy: capacity and generation References 9. Wind power Generation
Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)
+0.95 PF at PCC
models a must
SCADA to system operator
Loss Of Load Possibility or LOLP
Cost of Imbalance
Unit commitment & scheduling
Dynamic scheduling
Accurate hourly weather forecast References Chap 10. Photovoltaic Energy
Solar cells and Solar Power Systems.
Maximum power point trackers
MPPT, VMPPT & CMPPT
By orienting the solar panel :
By water cooling the solar panel backs: Effect on grid a)Agricultural water pumps
Selection of a DC motor. Suitable DC motors. b)Operation of solar water pumps: c)Remote hamlets d)Residential complexes
Optimized power purchase from the grid, e)Multiple storied Buildings with a large computer population, Effect on grid power factor & harmonics f)A PV package for Power Factor improvement g)A PV Panel On the Top Of An Automobile References 11. Direct Conversion into Electricity
Fuel Cells
Advantages / Disadvantages
Standard characteristics of MCFC
CO2 Recycling under pressure swing absorption: 1)Automobile Propulsion Road blocks exists: 1a) Servicing facilities to back up Fuel. 1b) High operating pressures for natural gas & hydrogen: 1c) Cheaper & longer production sources for Petrol. 2)Residential applications 3)Electricity Utilities
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
turbine generator
SOFC
Typical performance for Hybrid SOFC
Gas turbine system for a 500 KW output.
Special advantages References 12. HYBRID SYSTEMS
Options for Rural Electric Supply. How to select?
Six alternatives with advantages & disadvantages: A Mexican case study
LPSP
Battery capacity
Inverter ratings
Functions of a Battery Controller (Static Power Controllers
SPC) References 13. Combined Generation
Cogeneration
Primary product: Steam:
Primary product: Electricity:
Equal production: Steam & Electricity: a)Old established co
generating units. b)New Hi
Tech industries: c)Small establishments a)Optimization of fuel input b) Profit maximization under TOU rates: An Illustration: a) Within its own complex: b) As a tie up between a co generator & a utility: A) Excitation control of co
generators B) Short circuit faults & over currents C) Clearing times for an out of step relay control: D) Loss of excitation relay
Mal
operations: E) A series inductance in the tie line works as a stabilizer: Reverse power flow in generator
Proportionate Load shedding
Planning & Executing Load Shedding:
Re
closures
Passive re
closures. a)Issues involved: b)Actions to be undertaken : Annexure
1 A typical co
generating system for a Hi Tech science based industrial park in Taiwan: Annexure
2 NERC Directive Annexure 3 : Combined Power Generation and Captive Power Plants
A Typical Example.
Problems in co generator & Grid Interconnections
Grid Discipline for the CPP: Annexure 4
Cogeneration in Sugar Mills in India References 14. Distributed Generation (DG) & Distributed Resources (DR) Past picture and Future scope. a) Load growth including Time Factor b) Costs of available alternatives
DG Vs substations: c) Costs of Overloading Existing Assets: d) Costs of alternatives to DGs for handling overloads at substations e) Costs of Unserved Energy f) Interruption costs: g) Line losses will keep on increasing with the load
Voltage sensitivity factor
Voltage support for a rural line with active & reactive power under different load conditions
An Illustration: a)A ride through a voltage dip b)Small disturbance stability c)Working of a protective fuse & a backup recloser affected by the presence of a DG d)Co
relation between a Fuse & a trip relay. e)Boost up of fault current by an inverter & its effect on a re
closer f)An inductance generator with a D
STATCOM a)Disconnect on islanding: b)Voltage Surge relay c)ROCOF Relays d)Built in protection for inverter 1)Short circuit level at DCC 2)Terminal PF control 3)Dynamic Voltage Stability improves a) Peak Load Servicing: b) Selling Contingency Security Reserves to a Utility: a) Noise limit for Diesel Generator Sets (upto 100 KVA) b) Emission Limits for New Diesel Engines (upto 800 kws) for Generator Sets Applications: Fuel Specifications for diesel engines 'Pune' pattern of Energy supply from stand by sets to a utility References 15. Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. Voltage
Voltage levels & their limits are governed by standards Harmonic maximum voltage distortion
ROCOF performance curve & VS performance curve Annexure 1 CBIP Standard Recommendation, Extracts from Publication 2517, July'96 References 16. Energy Storage
Power Storage Super Capacitors. a)A Storage for a Ride Through the wind energy fluctuations: b)Change the time of delivery / price availability:
Wind speed variation spectra
an hourly spreadsheet method 1)A power curtailment mode 2)Maximum energy mode 3)Power leveling mode Annexure
A Super
Capacitor
An elevator drive with super capacitor storage References Chap 17. Hydrogen Era Origin & extent of atmospheric pollution
Lifetime & rates of increase A) Presently developed processes for production of H2
B) Processes under development for bulk production of H2
C) Processes under laboratory / scientific exploration
A) Costs of H2 are high: B) Basic infrastructure does not exists: C) Petroleum products are well established: Annexure 1
Proceedings of the national hydrogen energy road map
Workshop arranged by US DOE Annexure 2
HTGR Knowledge Base IAEA
TECDOC
1085: Hydrogen as an energy carrier and its production by nuclear power International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria) References 18. How does power marketing of electricity work? The basic structure
Role of a Systems Operator (Technical):
Role of a System operator (Financial):
Objectives For the transmission systems
Objectives For the wholesale market: A Standard Market Design: SMD Part B
Effects of Reconstruction on Electricity Business
Capital investment prospects for
1)Generation: Peak load generators & Base load generators: 2)Investment / costs of compliance with emission control measures: oBACT favored by regulators: oOutput limitations: oCAP & TRADE: 3)Effect on transmission system: Investment incentives & responsibilities: oThe background: oRevenues for transmission: oPTR & FTR: Annexure 1
A vast array of tools to support tomorrow's market participants References 19. Looking Into the Future Electrically driven automobiles will keep thermal generation in operation. A dream packet of electricity from a general stores.