Electronic civil disobedience, also known as ECD or cyber civil disobedience, can refer to any type of civil disobedience in which the participants use information technology to carry out their actions. Electronic civil disobedience often involves the computers and/or the Internet and may also be known as hacktivism. The term "electronic civil disobedience" was coined by a book by that same name, the Critical Art Ensemble s (1996) Electronic Civil Disobedience.Electronic civil disobedience seeks to continuing the practices of non violent, yet disruptive protest originally pioneered by Henry David Thoreau who in 1848 published "Civil Disobedience.A common forms of ECD are coordinated DDoS against a specific target, also known as a virtual sit-in. Such virtual sit-ins may be announced on the internet by groups such as The Electronic Disturbance Theatre and the borderlands Hacklab.