This book acquaints the readers with the mathematical oriented solutions extensively used in a variety of disciplines of applied sciences. The mathematical models find tremendous applications through their use in facilitating economic evaluation and in a number of decision-making contexts including risk assessment, service planning and capacity modeling. On the other hand, Operations Research acquaints the readers with different mathematical models extensively used not only in natural sciences, but also in a variety of disciplines of social sciences. These models are helpful to explain the systems and to study the effects of different components, and to make predictions about their behavior. The present volume applicable to a variety of real life disciplines will be useful to all the students and researchers from various quarters.