In the past fifteen years organic photochemistry has undergone a greater change and has stimulated more interest than probably any other area of organic chemistry. What has resulted is a population explosion, that is, an ever-increasing number of organic chemists are publishing important and exciting research papers in this area. Professor Bryce-Smith in the introduc tion to a recent volume of the Specialist Periodical Report (Photochemistry, Volume 6), which reviews the photochemical literature in yearly intervals, states that "the flood of photochemical literature is showing some signs of…mehr
In the past fifteen years organic photochemistry has undergone a greater change and has stimulated more interest than probably any other area of organic chemistry. What has resulted is a population explosion, that is, an ever-increasing number of organic chemists are publishing important and exciting research papers in this area. Professor Bryce-Smith in the introduc tion to a recent volume of the Specialist Periodical Report (Photochemistry, Volume 6), which reviews the photochemical literature in yearly intervals, states that "the flood of photochemical literature is showing some signs of abatement from the high levels of two or three years ago .... " However, Volume 6 of that periodical contains 764 pages of excellent but very concise reviews. We expect the development of the mechanistic aspects of organic photo chemistry to continue at the present pace as new methods are developed to probe in increasing detail and shorter time scales the photochemical dynamics of both old andnew photoreactions. Since photochemistry is no longer the sole domain of the specialist, it is relatively safe to predict a dramatic increase in the near future of the synthetic and industrial uses of organic photo chemistry .Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1 Basic Photophysical and Photochemical Concepts.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Energy Distribution in the Excited Molecule.- 1.3. Photochemical Kinetics: Concentrations, Rates, Yields, and Quantum Yields.- 1.4. Classification of Molecular Electronic Transitions and Excited States.- Problems.- 2 Photochemical Techniques and the Photodimerization of Anthracene and Related Compounds.- 2.1. Absorption and Emission Spectra.- 2.2. The Photodimerization of Anthracene and Related Compounds.- 2.3. The Anthracene Triplet State.- Problem.- References.- 3 Photochemical Techniques and the Photochemistry of Ketones.- 3.1. The Photoreduction of Aryl Ketones: Nature of the Excited State.- 3.2. Flash Photolysis.- 3.3. The Photoreduction of Aryl Ketones: Structural Aspects.- 3.4. The Photoreduction of Aryl Ketones: Secondary Reactions.- 3.5. The Photoreduction of Aryl Ketones: Synthetic Applications.- 3.6. The Photoreduction of Alkanones.- 3.7. Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction by Ketones (Type II Cleavage).- 3.8. Hydrogen Abstraction by Groups Other Than the Carbonyl.- Problems.- References.- 4 The Photochemistry of Simple Carbonyl Compounds: Type I Cleavage and Oxetane Formation.- 4.1. Type I Cleavage.- 4.2. The Formation of Oxetanes from Carbonyls and Olefins.- Problems.- References.- 5 The Triplet State.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Determination of Triplet Energy Levels.- 5.3. Determination of the Efficiency of Intersystem Crossing.- 5.4. Determination of Triplet Lifetimes.- 5.5. Excited State Geometry.- 5.6. Spin-Orbit Coupling and Intersystem Crossing.- References.- 6 Electronic Energy Transfer.- 6.1. Excitation Transfer within a Chromophore System.- 6.2. Theory of Excitation Transfer between Two Chromophores.- 6.3. Excitation Transfer between Two Chromophores.- 6.4. Exciplex Quenching.- References.- 7 Dienone and Enone Photochemistry.- 7.1. Dienone Photoreactions.- 7.2. Dienone to Cyclopropyl Ketone Formation.- 7.3. Dienone to Hydroxy Ketone.- 7.4. Cyclopropyl Ketones.- 7.5. 2,4-Cyclohexadienones.- 7.6. Cyclohexenone Photorearrangements.- Problems.- References.- 8 The Di-?-Methane Photorearrangement.- 8.1. Acyclic Di-?-Methane Photorearrangement.- 8.2. Aryl Di-?-Methane Photorearrangement.- 8.3. Bicyclic Di-?-Methane Photorearrangement.- 8.4. Oxa-di-?-Methane Rearrangement.- Problems.- References.- 9 Photochemical Cis-Trans and Valence Isomerization of Olefins.- 9.1. Introduction: Cis-Trans Isomerization of Stilbene.- 9.2. Potential Energy Diagrams.- 9.3. Photosensitized Stilbene Isomerization.- 9.4. Nonvertical Energy Transfer.- 9.5. Stilbene Isomerization via Direct Photolysis.- 9.6. Substituted Stilbenes.- 9.7. Piperylene Photochemistry.- 9.8. Alkene Photoisomerization.- 9.9. Intramolecular Cycloaddition Reactions.- 9.10. Photoelectrocyclic Reactions.- Problems.- References.- 10 Photodimerization and Photocycloaddition Reactions Yielding Cyclobutanes.- 10.1. Photodimerization and Photocycloaddition Reactions of Olefins and Polyenes.- 10.2. Photodimerization and Photocycloaddition Reactions of Aromatic Compounds.- 10.3. Photodimerization and Photocycloaddition Reactions of ?,?-Unsaturated Carbonyls and Acid Derivatives.- 10.4. Dimerization in the Solid Phase.- References.- 11 Photoelimination, Photoaddition, and Photosubstitution.- 11.1. Photoelimination Reactions.- 11.2. Photoaddition Reactions.- 11.3. Photosubstitution Reactions.- References.- 12 An Introduction to Photobiology.- 12.1. Photosynthesis.- 12.2. The Photochemistry of Vision.- 12.3. Phototaxis and Phototropism.- 12.4. Damage and Subsequent Repair by Light(Photoreactivation).- References.
1 Basic Photophysical and Photochemical Concepts.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Energy Distribution in the Excited Molecule.- 1.3. Photochemical Kinetics: Concentrations, Rates, Yields, and Quantum Yields.- 1.4. Classification of Molecular Electronic Transitions and Excited States.- Problems.- 2 Photochemical Techniques and the Photodimerization of Anthracene and Related Compounds.- 2.1. Absorption and Emission Spectra.- 2.2. The Photodimerization of Anthracene and Related Compounds.- 2.3. The Anthracene Triplet State.- Problem.- References.- 3 Photochemical Techniques and the Photochemistry of Ketones.- 3.1. The Photoreduction of Aryl Ketones: Nature of the Excited State.- 3.2. Flash Photolysis.- 3.3. The Photoreduction of Aryl Ketones: Structural Aspects.- 3.4. The Photoreduction of Aryl Ketones: Secondary Reactions.- 3.5. The Photoreduction of Aryl Ketones: Synthetic Applications.- 3.6. The Photoreduction of Alkanones.- 3.7. Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction by Ketones (Type II Cleavage).- 3.8. Hydrogen Abstraction by Groups Other Than the Carbonyl.- Problems.- References.- 4 The Photochemistry of Simple Carbonyl Compounds: Type I Cleavage and Oxetane Formation.- 4.1. Type I Cleavage.- 4.2. The Formation of Oxetanes from Carbonyls and Olefins.- Problems.- References.- 5 The Triplet State.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Determination of Triplet Energy Levels.- 5.3. Determination of the Efficiency of Intersystem Crossing.- 5.4. Determination of Triplet Lifetimes.- 5.5. Excited State Geometry.- 5.6. Spin-Orbit Coupling and Intersystem Crossing.- References.- 6 Electronic Energy Transfer.- 6.1. Excitation Transfer within a Chromophore System.- 6.2. Theory of Excitation Transfer between Two Chromophores.- 6.3. Excitation Transfer between Two Chromophores.- 6.4. Exciplex Quenching.- References.- 7 Dienone and Enone Photochemistry.- 7.1. Dienone Photoreactions.- 7.2. Dienone to Cyclopropyl Ketone Formation.- 7.3. Dienone to Hydroxy Ketone.- 7.4. Cyclopropyl Ketones.- 7.5. 2,4-Cyclohexadienones.- 7.6. Cyclohexenone Photorearrangements.- Problems.- References.- 8 The Di-?-Methane Photorearrangement.- 8.1. Acyclic Di-?-Methane Photorearrangement.- 8.2. Aryl Di-?-Methane Photorearrangement.- 8.3. Bicyclic Di-?-Methane Photorearrangement.- 8.4. Oxa-di-?-Methane Rearrangement.- Problems.- References.- 9 Photochemical Cis-Trans and Valence Isomerization of Olefins.- 9.1. Introduction: Cis-Trans Isomerization of Stilbene.- 9.2. Potential Energy Diagrams.- 9.3. Photosensitized Stilbene Isomerization.- 9.4. Nonvertical Energy Transfer.- 9.5. Stilbene Isomerization via Direct Photolysis.- 9.6. Substituted Stilbenes.- 9.7. Piperylene Photochemistry.- 9.8. Alkene Photoisomerization.- 9.9. Intramolecular Cycloaddition Reactions.- 9.10. Photoelectrocyclic Reactions.- Problems.- References.- 10 Photodimerization and Photocycloaddition Reactions Yielding Cyclobutanes.- 10.1. Photodimerization and Photocycloaddition Reactions of Olefins and Polyenes.- 10.2. Photodimerization and Photocycloaddition Reactions of Aromatic Compounds.- 10.3. Photodimerization and Photocycloaddition Reactions of ?,?-Unsaturated Carbonyls and Acid Derivatives.- 10.4. Dimerization in the Solid Phase.- References.- 11 Photoelimination, Photoaddition, and Photosubstitution.- 11.1. Photoelimination Reactions.- 11.2. Photoaddition Reactions.- 11.3. Photosubstitution Reactions.- References.- 12 An Introduction to Photobiology.- 12.1. Photosynthesis.- 12.2. The Photochemistry of Vision.- 12.3. Phototaxis and Phototropism.- 12.4. Damage and Subsequent Repair by Light(Photoreactivation).- References.
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