A global perspective on the management and prevention of emerging and re-emerging diseases Emerging infectious diseases are newly identified or otherwise previously unknown infections that cause public health challenges. Re-emerging infectious diseases are due to both the reappearance of and an increase in the number of infections from a disease that is known, but which had formerly caused so few infections that it was no longer considered a public health problem. The factors that cause the emergence or re-emergence of a disease are diverse. This book takes a look at the world's emerging and…mehr
A global perspective on the management and prevention of emerging and re-emerging diseases Emerging infectious diseases are newly identified or otherwise previously unknown infections that cause public health challenges. Re-emerging infectious diseases are due to both the reappearance of and an increase in the number of infections from a disease that is known, but which had formerly caused so few infections that it was no longer considered a public health problem. The factors that cause the emergence or re-emergence of a disease are diverse. This book takes a look at the world's emerging and re-emerging diseases. It covers the diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and control of a variety of individual diseases, and examines the social and behavioral issues that could contribute to epidemics. Each chapter focuses on an individual disease and provides scientific background and social history as well as the current basics of infection, epidemiology, and control. Emerging Epidemics: Management and Control offers five topics of coverage: FUNDAMENTALS * Epidemics fundamentals * Disasters and epidemics * Biosafety RE-EMERGING EPIDEMICS * Tuberculosis * Plague NEWLY EMERGING EPIDEMICS * Leptospirosis * Dengue * Japanese Encephalitis * Chikungunya Fever * West Nile Virus * Chandipura Virus Encephalitis * Kyasanur Forest Disease * Hantavirus * Human, Avian, and Swine Influenza * Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome * Nipah Virus * Paragonimiasis * Melioidosis POTENTIAL EPIDEMICS * Biowarfare and bioterrorism * Food contamination and food terrorism * Antimicrobial resistance VECTOR CONTROL METHODS * Mosquito control * Other disease vectors and their control Offering an integrated, worldwide overview of the complexity of the epidemiology of infections, Emerging Epidemics will be a valuable resource for students, physicians, and scientists working in veterinary, medical, and the pharmaceutical sciences.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Prakash Singh Bisen, PhD, D.Sc, is an eminent scientist in the field of Biotechnology with over 32 years of research and teaching experience. He has one US Patent and an Indian Patent on Tuberculosis to his credit. He is also an author of over 130 research publications. Presently, Professor Bisen is the Chairman of Bisen Biotech and Biopharma (P) Ltd. - a private equity venture which focuses on diagnostic solutions for widespread diseases. Professor Bisen is also the Chairman of the Vikrant Group, which focuses on advancing technical education through technical institutes at Gwalior and Indore, India. Ruchika Raghuvanshi, PhD, is a Research Scientist at the Defence Research Development Organization, a division of the Indian Ministry of Defence. Vijayaraghavan, PhD, is Director of the Defence Research Development Establishment, the Defence Research Development Organization, a division of the Indian Ministry of Defence.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1 Prologue 3 Introduction 3 Causative Factors 7 Salient Features 11 Emerging Epidemics 11 Re-Emerging Epidemics 17 Antimicrobial Resistance 18 Public Health Implications 20 References 22 Chapter 2 Epidemics Fundamentals 24 Introduction 24 Definitions 24 Types of Epidemics 26 Epidemiological Triad 29 Forecasting an Epidemic 31 Contingency Plan 33 Investigation of Epidemics 35 Management of Epidemics 38 Control of Epidemics 39 Principles of Planning Emergency Services 41 References 44 Chapter 3 Disasters and Epidemics 46 Fundamentals 46 Contributory Factors 51 Investigation of Rumors 52 References 54 Chapter 4 Biosafety 56 Introduction 56 Components 57 Hand Washing 61 Preventing Needlestick Injuries 62 Safe Transport of Biological Material 64 Safe Decontamination of Spills 65 Safe Handling of Dead Bodies 67 Personal Protective Equipment 69 Management of Biomedical Waste 69 Infection Control Check List 71 Biosafety Levels 71 Accreditation of Hospitals and Laboratories 74 References 75 Chapter 5 Tuberculosis 76 History 76 Magnitude 78 Agent Factors 81 Host Factors and High-Risk Groups 88 Environmental Factors 89 Modes of Transmission 90 Pathology and Immunology 91 Clinical Manifestations 96 Diagnosis of Tuberculosis 101 Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) 119 Tuberculosis and HIV 135 Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis 140 Prevention and Control 142 Social and Cultural Factors 145 References 148 Chapter 6 Plague 154 History of Plague 154 Magnitude 155 Agent Factors 157 Host Factors 158 Environmental Factors 159 Reservoir 159 Mode of Transmission 160 Clinical Manifestations 161 Laboratory Diagnosis 164 Differential Diagnosis 170 Clinical Management 170 Prevention and Control 172 References 174 Chapter 7 Leptospirosis 176 Introduction 176 Magnitude 176 Agent Factors 177 Host Factors 179 Environmental Factors 182 Mode of Transmission 183 Pathology and Immunology 183 Clinical Manifestations 185 Laboratory Diagnosis 189 Clinical Management 206 Surveillance 210 Investigation of an Outbreak 211 Prevention and Control 213 References 217 Chapter 8 Dengue 220 Introduction 220 Magnitude 221 Agent Factors 222 Host Factors 228 Environmental Factors 230 Vector Biology 231 Clinical Features 235 Laboratory Diagnosis 244 Immune Response to Dengue Virus 245 Clinical Management 248 Investigation of Outbreaks 253 Prevention and Control 257 References 259 Chapter 9 Japanese Encephalitis 263 History 263 Magnitude of the Problem 264 Epidemiology 266 Vector Biology 270 Clinical Features 270 Differential Diagnosis 271 Laboratory Diagnosis 272 Case Management 275 Prevention and Control 278 References 280 Chapter 10 Chikungunya Fever 283 Introduction 283 Epidemiology 284 The Chikungunya Virus 284 Clinical Features 291 Laboratory Diagnosis 298 Differential Diagnosis 300 Clinical Management 301 Investigation of Outbreaks 306 Treatment 307 Prevention and Control 308 References 311 Chapter 11 West Nile Fever 316 Epidemiology 316 Global Scenario 317 The Etiological Agent 318 Clinical Features 322 Laboratory Diagnosis 324 Clinical Management 326 Investigation of Outbreaks 327 Prevention and Control 330 References 336 Chapter 12 Chandipura Virus Encephalitis 340 Epidemiology 340 The Chandipura Virus 341 Clinical Features 350 Laboratory Diagnosis 351 Differential Diagnosis 353 Clinical Management 354 Investigation of Outbreaks 356 Prevention and Control 358 References 359 Chapter 13 Kyasanur Forest Disease 361 Introduction 361 Epidemiology 362 Vector Biology 363 Clinical Features 366 Differential Diagnosis 366 Laboratory Diagnosis 368 Case Management 369 Prevention and Control 371 References 374 Chapter 14 Hantavirus Disease 375 Introduction 375 Epidemiology and Global Scenario 376 The Etiological Agent 381 Clinical Features 387 Differential Diagnosis 390 Laboratory Diagnosis 390 Case Management 393 Prevention and Control 394 References 396 Chapter 15 Influenza 400 Historical Aspects 400 Global Scenario 402 Agent Factors 405 Host Factors 418 Environmental Factors 419 Mode of Transmission 421 Clinical Manifestations 422 Immune Response to Influenza 424 Laboratory Diagnosis 427 Clinical Management 431 Surveillance 434 Investigation of an Outbreak 437 Prevention and Control 441 Avian Influenza 445 Swine Influenza 447 References 450 Chapter 16 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 455 Introduction 455 Epidemiology 455 Causative Agent 456 Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus 456 Clinical Features 457 Laboratory Diagnosis 457 Treatment 458 Prevention and Control 461 References 461 Chapter 17 Nipah Virus 462 Introduction 462 Epidemiology 463 Etiological Agent 463 Transmission 463 Clinical Features 466 Laboratory Diagnosis 467 Prevention and Control 468 References 469 Chapter 18 Paragonimiasis 470 Magnitude of the Problem 470 The Parasite: Paragonimus 471 Epidemiology 475 Clinical Manifestations 478 Radiological Features of Paragonimiasis 481 Laboratory Diagnosis 484 Differential Diagnosis 487 Clinical Management 487 Public Health Importance 488 References 489 Chapter 19 Melioidosis 492 Introduction 492 Epidemiology 493 The Etiological Agent: Burkholderia pseudomallei 495 Clinical Manifestations 498 Laboratory Diagnosis 501 Clinical Management 503 Investigation of an Outbreak 504 Prevention and Control of Melioidosis 506 Public Health Importance 508 References 508 Chapter 20 Biowarfare and Bioterrorism 513 Introduction 513 Historical Aspects 514 Potential Agents 519 Epidemiological Clues 545 Laboratory Diagnosis 548 Clinical Management 566 Biosurveillance 568 Investigation of an Outbreak 573 Preparedness and Containment 576 References 578 Chapter 21 Antimicrobial Resistance 585 Introduction 585 Global Scenario 586 Drug-Resistant Organisms 588 Causes of Drug Resistance 593 Mechanisms of Drug Resistance 595 Host Factors 598 Health-Related and Economic Hazards 599 Laboratory Diagnosis 601 Managing Antimicrobial Resistance 607 Prevention and Control 610 References 612 Chapter 22 Conventional Methods for Mosquito Control 615 Mosquito: Habits and Attractants 615 Environmental Management 618 Antilarval Measures 623 Chemical Adulticides 627 Repellents 630 Insecticide-Impregnated Bed Nets and Screens 632 References 633 Chapter 23 New and Potential Techniques: Mosquito Control 635 Myco-Insecticides 635 Entomopathogenic Bacteria and Viruses 637 Hormonomimetic and Plant-Derived Substances 639 Larvivorous Fish and Crustaceans 640 Dragonfly Nymphs 643 Protozoa 643 Mermithid Nematodes 644 Predator Larvae 645 Genetic Engineering 646 References 648 Chapter 24 Other Disease Vectors and Their Control 651 Housefly 651 Sand Fly 653 Deer Fly 653 Black Fly 655 Tsetse Fly 655 Water Flea (Cyclops) 656 Sand Flea (Jigger or Chigoe Flea) 657 Rat Flea 658 Reduviid Bug 658 Ticks (Hard and Soft) 659 Lice 662 Cockroach 663 Mites (Chiggers) 664 General Principles of Vector Control 666 Integrated Vector Management 667 Rodents 670 Methods for Rodent Control 671 References 672 Glossary 674 Index 683
