Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic infection caused by the protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. Current antimicrobials of leishmaniasis suffer the disadvantages of toxicity to parenchymal cells and heart, emergence of drug resistant strains and prolonged course of treatment. The rational approach to the problem requires that drugs should be targeted to the macrophages in such a way that the interaction of the free drug with non-target tissues could be minimized. The book describes the development and evaluation of emulsomes (novel nano drug delivery system) for selective and targeted delivery of Amphotericin B to macrophages of the liver and spleen for the effective chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis.