Our ultimate goal is to assertively teach the future generation of graduate students and also train our colleagues to incorporate these techniques and concepts into everyday practice.We must continuously run well controlled experiments, clinical as well as biological, on many new techniques and materials to meet the present and future challenges. we believe that endodontic microsurgery with MTA is a predictable procedure to save teeth. We must assertively teach the future generation of graduate students, and also train our collegues to incorporate these techniques into everyday clinical practice, similar to what periodontists did 15 yr ago with implants. The preservation of our natural teeth must be our ultimate goal. After all, when all is said and done, our natural teeth are always better than any man-made replacement.