Endodontic perforations

Endodontic perforations

A Review of Etiology, Prevention and Management

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Perforation is defined as the mechanical or pathological communication between the root canal system and the external tooth surface. It is one of the endodontic complications during root canal treatment. It may occur during any stage of the treatment, access cavity, cleaning and shaping, or as a result of internal resorption that is extended to the periapical tissues. Eventually, chronic inflammation will occur in the periodontium, which is characterized by the formation of granulation tissue and loss of bone attachment around the perforation. Cone-beam computed tomography constitutes an impor...