This book presents an account of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Energy Transfer Processes in Condensed Matter", held in Erice, Italy, from June 16 to June 30, 1983. This meeting was organized by the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The objective of the Institute was to present a comprehensive treatment of the basic mechanisms by which electronic excitation energy, initially localized in a particular constituent or region of a condensed material, transfers itself to the other parts of the system. Energy…mehr
This book presents an account of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Energy Transfer Processes in Condensed Matter", held in Erice, Italy, from June 16 to June 30, 1983. This meeting was organized by the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The objective of the Institute was to present a comprehensive treatment of the basic mechanisms by which electronic excitation energy, initially localized in a particular constituent or region of a condensed material, transfers itself to the other parts of the system. Energy transfer processes are important to such varied .fields as spectroscopy, lasers, phosphor technology, artificial solar energy conversion, and photobiology. This meeting was the first encounter of this sort entirely dedicated to this important topic. A total of 65 participants came from 47 laboratories and 16 nations (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, F.R. of Germany, France, Greece, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States of A America). The secretaries of the course were: Ms. Aliki Karipidou for the scientific aspects and Mr. Massimo Minella for the admini strative aspects of the meeting.
to Energy Transfer and Relevant Solid-State Concepts.- to Energy Transfer and Relevant Solid-State Concepts.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Basic Concepts Underlying Energy Transfer in Solids.- II.A. Separation of Electronic and Nuclear Motion.- II.B. One-Electron Approximation.- II.C. Electronic Band Structure.- 1. Case I: Nearly Free Electrons.- 2. Case II: Tightly Bound Electrons.- II.D. Lattice Dynamics and Phonons.- 1. Case I: The Case of Small q-Values.- 2. Case II: The Case of $$q = \frac{\pi }{a}$$.- II.E. The Electron-Phonon Interaction.- 1. Deformation Potential Theory.- 2. Fröhlich Hamiltonian.- III. General Methods of Energy Transfer.- III.A. Resonant Energy Transfer.- III.B. Nonresonant Energy Transfer.- III.C. Electronic Charge Transport and Energy Transfer.- III.D. Energy Transfer by Excitons.- 1. Exciton Structure.- 2. Exciton Transport.- III.E. Auger Processes as Energy Transfer.- III.F. Inelastic Collisions. Hot Electron Excitation.- IV. Closing Remarks.- Appendix: Effective Mass Approximation for Dopants with Coulomb Fields.- References.- Energy Transfer among Ions in Solids.- Abstract.- I. Interaction among Atoms.- I.A. Two-Atom System.- I.B. Dynamical Effects of the Interaction.- 1. Coherent Energy Transfer in a Two-Atom System.- 2. Incoherent Energy Transfer in a Two-Atom System.- 3. Coherent Energy Transfer in a Linear Chain.- 4. Incoherent Energy Transfer in a Linear Chain.- I.C. The Relevant Energy Transfer Hamiltonian.- I.D. Interaction between Two Atoms in Solids.- II. Different Types of Interactions.- II.A. Multipolar Electric Interactions.- II.B. Exchange Interactions.- II.C. Electro-Magnetic Interactions.- II.D. Phonon-Assisted Energy Transfer.- III. Statistical Treatment of Energy Transfer. Modes of Excitation.- III.A. Introduction.- III.B. Pulsed Excitation.- III.C. Continuous Excitation.- IV. Statistical Treatment of Energy Transfer. Case With No Migration among Donors.- IV.A. Basic Equation.- IV.B. Simple Models.- 1. Perrin Model.- 2. Stern-Volmer Model.- IV.C. Multipolar Interactions.- IV.D. Exchange Interactions.- V. Statistical Treatment of Energy Transfer. Case with Migration among Donors.- V.A. Migration.- V.B. Diffusion.- V.C. Migration as Diffusion Process.- 1. Diffusion Only.- 2. Diffusion and Relaxation.- 3. Diffusion, Relaxation and Transfer.- V.D. Migration as Random Walk.- V.E. Comparison of Two Models.- V.F. Calculations of Transfer Rates.- 1. Diffusion Model.- 2. Hopping Model.- V.G. Regimes of Donor Decay.- 1. No Diffusion.- 2. Diffusion-Limited Decay.- 3. Fast Diffusion.- V.H. Migration in the Case of Inhomogeneous Broadenings of Donors Levels.- VI. Collective Excitations.- VI.A. Introduction.- VI.B. Eigenfunctions.- VI.C. Dispersion Relations.- VI.D. Effective Mass.- VI.E. Generalization to Three Dimensions.- VI.F. Periodic Boundary Conditions and Density of States.- VI.G. Interaction of Photons with Collective Excitations.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Mathematical Methods for the Description of Energy Transfer.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- I.A. Preliminary Remarks.- I.B. Processes and Questions of Interest.- I.C. Some Experiments.- I.D. Outline of This Article.- II. The Basic Transport Instrument: The Evolution Equation.- II.A. Introduction and the Coherence-Incoherence Problem.- II.B. Motivation for the GME.- II.C. Derivation and Validity of the GME.- II.D. Solution of Foerster s Problem.- II.E. General Remarks About the GME.- III. Memory Functions: Explicit Calculations.- III.A. Outline.- III.B. Exact Results for Pure Crystals.- III.C. Exact Results for an SLE.- III.D. Perturbative Evaluation for Linear Exciton-Phonon Coupling.- III.E. Evaluation from Spectra.- IV. Calculation of Observables.- IV.A. Prelude: Calculation of Propagators.- IV.B. Application to Grating Experiments.- IV.C. Capture Experiments.- V. Miscellaneous Methods and conclusions.- V.A. Methods for Cooperative Trap Interactions.- V.B. Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Energy Transfer in
to Energy Transfer and Relevant Solid-State Concepts.- to Energy Transfer and Relevant Solid-State Concepts.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- II. Basic Concepts Underlying Energy Transfer in Solids.- II.A. Separation of Electronic and Nuclear Motion.- II.B. One-Electron Approximation.- II.C. Electronic Band Structure.- 1. Case I: Nearly Free Electrons.- 2. Case II: Tightly Bound Electrons.- II.D. Lattice Dynamics and Phonons.- 1. Case I: The Case of Small q-Values.- 2. Case II: The Case of $$q = \frac{\pi }{a}$$.- II.E. The Electron-Phonon Interaction.- 1. Deformation Potential Theory.- 2. Fröhlich Hamiltonian.- III. General Methods of Energy Transfer.- III.A. Resonant Energy Transfer.- III.B. Nonresonant Energy Transfer.- III.C. Electronic Charge Transport and Energy Transfer.- III.D. Energy Transfer by Excitons.- 1. Exciton Structure.- 2. Exciton Transport.- III.E. Auger Processes as Energy Transfer.- III.F. Inelastic Collisions. Hot Electron Excitation.- IV. Closing Remarks.- Appendix: Effective Mass Approximation for Dopants with Coulomb Fields.- References.- Energy Transfer among Ions in Solids.- Abstract.- I. Interaction among Atoms.- I.A. Two-Atom System.- I.B. Dynamical Effects of the Interaction.- 1. Coherent Energy Transfer in a Two-Atom System.- 2. Incoherent Energy Transfer in a Two-Atom System.- 3. Coherent Energy Transfer in a Linear Chain.- 4. Incoherent Energy Transfer in a Linear Chain.- I.C. The Relevant Energy Transfer Hamiltonian.- I.D. Interaction between Two Atoms in Solids.- II. Different Types of Interactions.- II.A. Multipolar Electric Interactions.- II.B. Exchange Interactions.- II.C. Electro-Magnetic Interactions.- II.D. Phonon-Assisted Energy Transfer.- III. Statistical Treatment of Energy Transfer. Modes of Excitation.- III.A. Introduction.- III.B. Pulsed Excitation.- III.C. Continuous Excitation.- IV. Statistical Treatment of Energy Transfer. Case With No Migration among Donors.- IV.A. Basic Equation.- IV.B. Simple Models.- 1. Perrin Model.- 2. Stern-Volmer Model.- IV.C. Multipolar Interactions.- IV.D. Exchange Interactions.- V. Statistical Treatment of Energy Transfer. Case with Migration among Donors.- V.A. Migration.- V.B. Diffusion.- V.C. Migration as Diffusion Process.- 1. Diffusion Only.- 2. Diffusion and Relaxation.- 3. Diffusion, Relaxation and Transfer.- V.D. Migration as Random Walk.- V.E. Comparison of Two Models.- V.F. Calculations of Transfer Rates.- 1. Diffusion Model.- 2. Hopping Model.- V.G. Regimes of Donor Decay.- 1. No Diffusion.- 2. Diffusion-Limited Decay.- 3. Fast Diffusion.- V.H. Migration in the Case of Inhomogeneous Broadenings of Donors Levels.- VI. Collective Excitations.- VI.A. Introduction.- VI.B. Eigenfunctions.- VI.C. Dispersion Relations.- VI.D. Effective Mass.- VI.E. Generalization to Three Dimensions.- VI.F. Periodic Boundary Conditions and Density of States.- VI.G. Interaction of Photons with Collective Excitations.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Mathematical Methods for the Description of Energy Transfer.- Abstract.- I. Introduction.- I.A. Preliminary Remarks.- I.B. Processes and Questions of Interest.- I.C. Some Experiments.- I.D. Outline of This Article.- II. The Basic Transport Instrument: The Evolution Equation.- II.A. Introduction and the Coherence-Incoherence Problem.- II.B. Motivation for the GME.- II.C. Derivation and Validity of the GME.- II.D. Solution of Foerster s Problem.- II.E. General Remarks About the GME.- III. Memory Functions: Explicit Calculations.- III.A. Outline.- III.B. Exact Results for Pure Crystals.- III.C. Exact Results for an SLE.- III.D. Perturbative Evaluation for Linear Exciton-Phonon Coupling.- III.E. Evaluation from Spectra.- IV. Calculation of Observables.- IV.A. Prelude: Calculation of Propagators.- IV.B. Application to Grating Experiments.- IV.C. Capture Experiments.- V. Miscellaneous Methods and conclusions.- V.A. Methods for Cooperative Trap Interactions.- V.B. Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Energy Transfer in
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