After six decades of independence, Africa remains the least industrialized continent. Increasingly, many voices are speaking of the continent's emergence. While welcome, this emergence faces the problem of sustainable development. Today's major nations are accused of polluting humanity, and solutions are being sought. Myth or opportunity, Africa has a unique opportunity to position itself as the green continent. It is inconceivable that this industrialization of Africa will take place without civil society, which has been sidelined from the continent's development since the wave of independence. The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals commit 4 actors, including civil society. While in developed countries, a synergy of action between governments and society is verifiable, Africa is still lagging behind. This book shows the evolution of African civil society since independence, and the challenges it faces in achieving green, inclusive industrialization.