In carrying out their professional work, health care workers were exposed to several environmental hazards. These factors cause the appearance of various ailments specific to the profession, which developed and intensified with years. In many cases, they resulted in diseases and disease complexes, some of which were regarded as work-related illnesses. These environmental hazards categorized as physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, and psychological. Therefore, health care workers should be aware of safety measures as appropriate sterilization or other high-level disinfection utilities, hepatitis B vaccination, and continuing education about how to ergonomically use the instruments and effective time management. The more proper application of safety measures, the least exposure to environmental hazards.