This book analyzes how Wards and Sub-wards perform their functions with respect to the implementation of Environmental Planning and Management (EPM). It investigates why EPM has not been fully operationalized at the Ward and Sub-ward, and also analyzes policy implications on how grassroots units can enhance the realization of EPM objectives and more generally, the implementation of the Local Government Reform Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Africa. Being the closest units to the local community, findings of this study have shown how environmental planning and management process led to the realization of projects in Jitegemee, Mabibo, and Azimio Sub-wards. EPM approach at the community level can be further enhanced through various investments under the Urban Development and Environmental Management (UDEM) framework implementation, which can be linked towards the various issues and concerns of Sub-wards. The Ward level on the other hand needs to strengthen its coordinative functions at the Municipal level to support Sub-wards proposed projects.