Animal trypanosomiasis presents a serious veterinary problem in most parts of the developing world, nowhere more so than in sub-Saharan Africa where it is arguably the most important animal disease. While many other animal diseases of major economic importance have been successfully controlled during this century, trypanosomiasis continues to present a major constraint to animal production in sub-Saharan Africa. In livestock, the disease is manifested by loss of body condition, anaemia, pyrexia and death if not treated. Despite availability and use of tsetse and trypanosomiasis control technologies at the Kenyan coast effective control of the disease has been elusive. Cross sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted to assessing the the epidemiology and impact of drug resistance in the control of trypanosomiasis in cattle under different production systems