Thirty years ago, Zavoisky, in Moscow (USSR), reported the first successful experi mental observations of the ESR phenomenon. Its application to polymer problems began about 20 years ago. ESR belongs to the most specific and useful methods in the study of polymer reactions. The main purpose of this book is to collect the present available information on the applications of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in polymer research. The book has been written both for those who want an introduction to this field, and for those who are aheady familiar with ESR and are interested in…mehr
Thirty years ago, Zavoisky, in Moscow (USSR), reported the first successful experi mental observations of the ESR phenomenon. Its application to polymer problems began about 20 years ago. ESR belongs to the most specific and useful methods in the study of polymer reactions. The main purpose of this book is to collect the present available information on the applications of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in polymer research. The book has been written both for those who want an introduction to this field, and for those who are aheady familiar with ESR and are interested in application to polymers. Therefore, the fundamental principles of ESR spectroscopy are first out lined, the experimental methods including computer applications are described in more detail, and the main emphasis is on the application of ESR methods to polymer problems. Many results obtained are only briefly treated for lack of space. The authors hope that this book will provide a useful source of information by giving a coherent treatment and extensive references to original papers, reviews, and discussions in monographs and books. In this way we hope to encourage polymer chemists, organic chemists, biochemists, physicists, and material scientists to apply ESR methods to their research problems.
Die Herstellerinformationen sind derzeit nicht verfügbar.
Inhaltsangabe
1. Generation of Free Radicals.- 1.1. Free Radicals, Biradicals, and Radical Ions.- 1.2. Basic Properties of Free Radicals.- 1.3. Free Radical Reactions.- 1.4. Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter.- 1.4.1. Interaction of Low Energy Photons with Matter.- 1.4.2. Interaction of High Energy Photons with Matter.- 1.5. Interaction of Charged Particles with Matter.- 1.6. Physical Sources of Free Radicals.- 1.6.1. Ionizing Radiation.- 1.6.1.1. Charged Particle Accelerators.- 1.6.1.2. Radioisotope Sources.- 1.6.1.3. Nuclear Reactors.- 1.6.2. Light Irradiation.- 1.6.3. Other Physical Sources for the Production of Free Radicals.- 1.7. Chemical Sources for the Production of Free Radicals.- 2. Principles of ESR Spectroscopy.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Interaction Between the Electron Spin and Internal Magnetic Field.- 2.3. Spin Relaxation.- 2.4. The Shape of ESR Resonance Lines.- 2.4.1. Line Shape.- 2.4.2. Line Width.- 2.4.3. Intensity.- 2.5. g-Value.- 2.6. Interaction Between the Electron and the Nuclear Spins.- 2.6.1. Hyperfine Structure Spectrum due to a Single Proton.- 2.6.2. Spectra with Hyperfine Structure due to Equivalent Protons.- 2.6.3. Hyperfine Structure Spectra due to Nonequivalent Protons.- 2.6.4. Second Order Splittings of Lines.- 3. Experimental Instrumentation of Electron Spin Resonance.- 3.1. ESR Spectrometers.- 3.2. Field Sweep Calibration.- 3.3. Measurements of Spin Concentration.- 3.4. Measurements of ESR Spectra at Different Temperatures.- 3.5. Computer Application into ESR Spectroscopy.- 3.6. Preparation of Samples for ESR Experiments.- 3.6.1. Gases.- 3.6.2. Liquids.- 3.6.3. Solids.- 3.6.4. Stabilization of Free Radicals.- 3.6.5. Apparatus for High Pressure Annealing of Samples.- 3.6.6. Loading Apparatus for ESR Stretching Experiments.- 3.6.7. Milling Devices for Grinding Samples.- 3.6.8. Preparation of Samples Containing Free Radicals by Sawing Technique.- 3.7. Special Techniques for ESR Spectroscopy.- 4. ESR Study of Polymerization Processes.- 4.1. Homogeneous Chain-growth Polymerization.- 4.2. Ionizing Polymerization.- 4.2.1. Solid-state Polymerization.- 4.2.1.1. Olefin Monomers.- 4.2.1.2. Dienes.- 4.2.1.3. Cyclic Olefines.- 4.2.1.4. Vinyl Monomers.- 4.2.1.4.1. Acrylic and Methacrylic Acide Monomers.- 4.2.1.4.2. Acrylamides.- 4.2.1.4.3. Methyl Methacrylate.- 4.2.1.4.4. Acrylonitrile and Methacrylonitrile.- 4.2.1.4.5. Vinyl Acetate.- 4.2.1.4.6. Styrene.- 4.2.1.4.7. N-Vinylcarbazole.- 4.2.1.4.8. Radical Pairs in ?-Irradiated Vinyl Monomers.- 4.2.1.5. Cyclic Monomers.- 4.2.2. Polymerization in Organic Glass Matrices.- 4.2.2.1. ESR Studies of Ionic Processes in ?-Irradiated Organic Glasses.- 4.2.2.2. ESR Studies of Ionic Polymerization in Organic Glass Matrices.- 4.2.2.2.1. Nitroethylene.- 4.2.2.2.2. Isobutene.- 4.2.2.2.3. 1,3-Butadiene.- 4.2.2.2.4. Vinyl Ethers.- 4.2.2.2.5. Acrylic Acid.- 4.2.2.2.6. Methyl Methacrylate.- 4.2.2.2.7. Acrylonitrile.- 4.2.2.2.8. Styrene and ?-Methylstyrene.- 4.2.3. Ionizing Polymerization - Miscellaneous Problems.- 4.3. Photopolymerization.- 4.3.1. Photosensitized by Hydrogen Peroxide.- 4.3.2. Photosensitized by Hydroperoxides and Peroxides.- 4.3.3. Photosensitized by Diacyl Peroxides and Tert-Butyl Peresters.- 4.3.4. Photosensitized by Dialkyl Peroxydicarbonates.- 4.3.5. Photosensitized by Benzophenone.- 4.3.6. Quinones.- 4.3.7. Photosensitized by Azo-Compounds.- 4.3.8. Photosensitized by Metal Halides.- 4.3.9. Photosensitized by Metal Acetylacetonates.- 4.4. Thermal Polymerization.- 4.4.1. Application of a Polymer Matrix for Studies of Growing Chain Radicals at High Pressure.- 4.4.2. Stabilization of Free Radicals on the Surface of Synthetic Zeolites.- 4.4.3. Popcorn Polymerization.- 4.4.4. Thermal Polymerization - Miscellaneous Problems.- 4.5. Polymerization Initiated by Mechano-radicals.- 4.6. Polymerization Initiated by Various Free Radical Initiation Systems.- 4.6.1. Hydroperoxide-SO2 System.- 4.6.2. Tetraphenylborate-Organic Acid Systems.- 4.6.3. Redox Systems.-
1. Generation of Free Radicals.- 1.1. Free Radicals, Biradicals, and Radical Ions.- 1.2. Basic Properties of Free Radicals.- 1.3. Free Radical Reactions.- 1.4. Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter.- 1.4.1. Interaction of Low Energy Photons with Matter.- 1.4.2. Interaction of High Energy Photons with Matter.- 1.5. Interaction of Charged Particles with Matter.- 1.6. Physical Sources of Free Radicals.- 1.6.1. Ionizing Radiation.- 1.6.1.1. Charged Particle Accelerators.- 1.6.1.2. Radioisotope Sources.- 1.6.1.3. Nuclear Reactors.- 1.6.2. Light Irradiation.- 1.6.3. Other Physical Sources for the Production of Free Radicals.- 1.7. Chemical Sources for the Production of Free Radicals.- 2. Principles of ESR Spectroscopy.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Interaction Between the Electron Spin and Internal Magnetic Field.- 2.3. Spin Relaxation.- 2.4. The Shape of ESR Resonance Lines.- 2.4.1. Line Shape.- 2.4.2. Line Width.- 2.4.3. Intensity.- 2.5. g-Value.- 2.6. Interaction Between the Electron and the Nuclear Spins.- 2.6.1. Hyperfine Structure Spectrum due to a Single Proton.- 2.6.2. Spectra with Hyperfine Structure due to Equivalent Protons.- 2.6.3. Hyperfine Structure Spectra due to Nonequivalent Protons.- 2.6.4. Second Order Splittings of Lines.- 3. Experimental Instrumentation of Electron Spin Resonance.- 3.1. ESR Spectrometers.- 3.2. Field Sweep Calibration.- 3.3. Measurements of Spin Concentration.- 3.4. Measurements of ESR Spectra at Different Temperatures.- 3.5. Computer Application into ESR Spectroscopy.- 3.6. Preparation of Samples for ESR Experiments.- 3.6.1. Gases.- 3.6.2. Liquids.- 3.6.3. Solids.- 3.6.4. Stabilization of Free Radicals.- 3.6.5. Apparatus for High Pressure Annealing of Samples.- 3.6.6. Loading Apparatus for ESR Stretching Experiments.- 3.6.7. Milling Devices for Grinding Samples.- 3.6.8. Preparation of Samples Containing Free Radicals by Sawing Technique.- 3.7. Special Techniques for ESR Spectroscopy.- 4. ESR Study of Polymerization Processes.- 4.1. Homogeneous Chain-growth Polymerization.- 4.2. Ionizing Polymerization.- 4.2.1. Solid-state Polymerization.- 4.2.1.1. Olefin Monomers.- 4.2.1.2. Dienes.- 4.2.1.3. Cyclic Olefines.- 4.2.1.4. Vinyl Monomers.- 4.2.1.4.1. Acrylic and Methacrylic Acide Monomers.- 4.2.1.4.2. Acrylamides.- 4.2.1.4.3. Methyl Methacrylate.- 4.2.1.4.4. Acrylonitrile and Methacrylonitrile.- 4.2.1.4.5. Vinyl Acetate.- 4.2.1.4.6. Styrene.- 4.2.1.4.7. N-Vinylcarbazole.- 4.2.1.4.8. Radical Pairs in ?-Irradiated Vinyl Monomers.- 4.2.1.5. Cyclic Monomers.- 4.2.2. Polymerization in Organic Glass Matrices.- 4.2.2.1. ESR Studies of Ionic Processes in ?-Irradiated Organic Glasses.- 4.2.2.2. ESR Studies of Ionic Polymerization in Organic Glass Matrices.- 4.2.2.2.1. Nitroethylene.- 4.2.2.2.2. Isobutene.- 4.2.2.2.3. 1,3-Butadiene.- 4.2.2.2.4. Vinyl Ethers.- 4.2.2.2.5. Acrylic Acid.- 4.2.2.2.6. Methyl Methacrylate.- 4.2.2.2.7. Acrylonitrile.- 4.2.2.2.8. Styrene and ?-Methylstyrene.- 4.2.3. Ionizing Polymerization - Miscellaneous Problems.- 4.3. Photopolymerization.- 4.3.1. Photosensitized by Hydrogen Peroxide.- 4.3.2. Photosensitized by Hydroperoxides and Peroxides.- 4.3.3. Photosensitized by Diacyl Peroxides and Tert-Butyl Peresters.- 4.3.4. Photosensitized by Dialkyl Peroxydicarbonates.- 4.3.5. Photosensitized by Benzophenone.- 4.3.6. Quinones.- 4.3.7. Photosensitized by Azo-Compounds.- 4.3.8. Photosensitized by Metal Halides.- 4.3.9. Photosensitized by Metal Acetylacetonates.- 4.4. Thermal Polymerization.- 4.4.1. Application of a Polymer Matrix for Studies of Growing Chain Radicals at High Pressure.- 4.4.2. Stabilization of Free Radicals on the Surface of Synthetic Zeolites.- 4.4.3. Popcorn Polymerization.- 4.4.4. Thermal Polymerization - Miscellaneous Problems.- 4.5. Polymerization Initiated by Mechano-radicals.- 4.6. Polymerization Initiated by Various Free Radical Initiation Systems.- 4.6.1. Hydroperoxide-SO2 System.- 4.6.2. Tetraphenylborate-Organic Acid Systems.- 4.6.3. Redox Systems.-
Es gelten unsere Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen: www.buecher.de/agb
Impressum
www.buecher.de ist ein Internetauftritt der buecher.de internetstores GmbH
Geschäftsführung: Monica Sawhney | Roland Kölbl | Günter Hilger
Sitz der Gesellschaft: Batheyer Straße 115 - 117, 58099 Hagen
Postanschrift: Bürgermeister-Wegele-Str. 12, 86167 Augsburg
Amtsgericht Hagen HRB 13257
Steuernummer: 321/5800/1497
USt-IdNr: DE450055826
