Roderic H. Davison

Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774-1923

The Impact of the West

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The effect of Western influence on the later Ottoman Empire and on the development of the modern Turkish nation-state links these twelve essays by a prominent American scholar. Roderic Davison draws from his extensive knowledge of Western diplomatic history and Turkish history to describe a period in which the actions of the Great Powers, incipient and rising nationalisms, and Westernizing reforms shaped the destiny of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the new Turkish Republic. Eleven of the essays were previously published in widely scattered journals and multi-authored volumes. The first of these provides a general survey of Turkish and Ottoman history, from early Turkish times to the end of the Empire. The following essays continue chronologically from 1774, detailing some of the changes in the nineteenth-century Empire. Several themes recur. One is the impact of Western ideas and institutions and the resistance to that influence by some elements in the Empire. Another concerns the diplomatic pressure exerted by the Great Powers of Europe on the Empire, which amounted at times to direct intervention in Ottoman domestic affairs. Taken together, the essays portray a confluence of civilizations as well as a clash of cultures. Professor Davison has written an interpretive introduction that sets out the historical trends running throughout the book. In addition, he includes a previously unpublished article on the advent of the electric telegraph in the Ottoman Empire to show how the adoption of a Western technological advance could affect many areas of life. Of particular interest to students of Ottoman and Middle East history, these essays will also be valuable for everyone concerned with modernization in developing nations. Davison's interpretations and keen methodological sense also shed new light on several aspects of European diplomatic history.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: University of Texas Press
• Seitenzahl: 300
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. September 1990
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 229mm x 152mm x 18mm
• Gewicht: 490g
• ISBN-13: 9780292729575
• ISBN-10: 029272957X
• Artikelnr.: 33253149

Autorenporträt

By Roderic H. Davison

Inhaltsangabe

* Acknowledgments
* Introduction
* 1. The Turks in History: A capsule account of Turkish origins and of
the rise, height, decline, and reform of the Ottoman Empire, to the
rise of the Republic.
* 2. “Russian Skill and Turkish Imbecility”: The Treaty of Kuchuk
Kainardji Reconsidered: The Ottoman-Russian treaty of 1774, allowing
Russia great commercial and diplomatic privileges and a dubious
“right” to protect Christians in Ottoman domains.
* 3. The “Dosografa” Church in the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca: On the
nature of the Christian church that the 1774 treaty allowed the
Russians to build in Istanbul, and to protect. And was it built?
* 4. The First Ottoman Experiment with Paper Money: Why and how the
Sublime Porte, in 1840, issued treasury notes that became the first
circulating paper money, and attendant problems.
* 5. Foreign and Environmental Contributions to the Political
Modernization of Turkey: The influence of military defeat by outside
powers, and of diplomatic pressure; the importance of foreign
concepts and models; channels for new ideas.
* 6. The Advent of the Principle of Representation in the Government of
the Ottoman Empire: How representation of the people in government
organs began in 1840 on the provincial level and grew to affect the
central government, especially with the constitution of 1876.
* 7. Turkish Attitudes Concerning Christian-Muslim Equality in the
Nineteenth Century: The advent of an official policy of egalitarian
and secular Ottomanism; the views of leading statesmen on Christian
equality, and popular attitudes.
* 8. The Advent of the Electric Telegraph in the Ottoman Empire: How
Morse’s invention was introduced at the time of the Crimean War, how
the telegraph system expanded, and the effects of the new technology
on Ottoman government and society.
* 9. Westernized Education in Ottoman Turkey: An assessment of the
impact of foreign mission schools, Ottoman technical schools, and the
new Ottoman secular educational beginnings, and study abroad.
* 10. The Armenian Crisis, 1912–1914: Russia raises for her own
interests the question of reforms in eastern Anatolia where most
Armenians lived; the machinations of all six great powers of Europe;
the Porte and the powers find a temporary solution.
* 11. Turkish Diplomacy from Mudros to Lausanne: How the nationalist
movement led by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) dealt with outside powers,
1919 to 1923, trying to get rid of British, French, Italian, Greek,
and Armenian occupation forces; success lays a basis for the
Republic.
* 12. Atatürk’s Reforms: Back to the Roots: An analysis of the origins
and background of many of the Turkish Republic’s basic political
principles and practices, tracing them back to nineteenth-century
developments in the period of Ottoman reform.
* Index