Written for candidates preparing for postgraduate anaesthesia examinations, this book concisely covers all of the relevant equations that may come up in questions. Each equation is simply explained and put into a clinical context, with a worked example or clinical application, and derivations provided where necessary.
Written for candidates preparing for postgraduate anaesthesia examinations, this book concisely covers all of the relevant equations that may come up in questions. Each equation is simply explained and put into a clinical context, with a worked example or clinical application, and derivations provided where necessary.
Dr Edward Gilbert-Kawai is an Anaesthetic Registrar and the Senior Research Fellow at the Centre of Altitude, Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface Foreword Part I. Physics: Section 1A. Gases: 1. Boyle's law 2. Charles' law 3. Gay-Lussac's law 4. Avogadro's law 5. Universal gas equation 6. Dalton's law of partial pressures 7. Henry's law 8. Graham's law of diffusion Section 1B. Pressure and Flow: 1. Pressure and force 2. Hagen-Poiseuille equation and laminar flow 3. Reynold's number and turbulent flow 4. Laplace's law and tension 5. Bernoulli equation and Venturi effect Section 1C. Electricity: 1. Ohm's law: voltage, current and resistance 2. Capacitance 3. Inductance 4. Work and power 5. Transformers 6. Electrical charge Section 1D. Other: 1. Doppler equation and Doppler effect 2. Beer-Lambert law 3. Humidity 4. Natural frequency 5. Wave equation and ultrasound Part II. Pharmacology: Section 2A. Pharmacokinetics: 1. Bioavailability 2. Volume of distribution 3. Clearance 4. Hepatic clearance 5. Concentration and elimination 6. Plasma concentration and compartment models 7. Loading dose and maintenance dose 8. Exponential function and rate constant 9. Half life and context-sensitive half life 10. Time constant 11. Rates of reaction 12. Michaelis-Menten equation Section 2B. Pharmacodynamics: 1. Drug-receptor dissociation constant and affinity 2. Therapeutic index Part III. Physiology: Section 3A. Cardiovascular: 1. Cardiac output and cardiac index 2. Stroke volume 3. Ventricular stroke work and index 4. Ejection fraction and fractional area change 5. Coronary perfusion pressure and coronary blood flow 6. Bazett's formula - QT interval corrected 7. The Fick principle - cardiac output measurement 8. The Fick equation - oxygen uptake measurement 9. Mean arterial pressure 10. Venous return 11. Total blood volume 12. Systemic vascular resistance 13. Uterine blood flow 14. Stewart-Hamilton equation 15. Oxygen delivery 16. Oxygen extraction ratio 17. Oxygen content 18. The dilution principle - measurement of fluid compartment volume Section 3B. Respiratory: 1. Diffusing capacity 2. Compliance 3. Bohr equation 4. Alveolar ventilation equation 5. Alveolar gas equation 6. Helium dilution technique 7. Spirometry: forced expiration 8. Lung volumes and capacities 9. Respiratory quotient (and respiratory exchange ratio) 10. Shunt equation 11. Pulmonary vascular resistance Section 3C. Renal: 1. Renal filtration fraction 2. Renal clearance and Cockcroft-Gault formula 3. Starling's equation - rate of filtration 4. Fick's law of diffusion Section 3D. Cellular, Biochemical and Acid-base: 1. Osmolality, osmolarity and the osmolar gap 2. Morse equation and osmotic pressure 3. Anion gap 4. Goldman equation 5. Gibbs-Donnan effect 6. Nernst equation 7. pH 8. pKa 9. Acid-base compensation simplified 10. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Section 3E. Neurological: 1. Cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure 2. Intraocular pressure Part IV. Statistics: 1. Binary classification tests and 2x2 tables 2. Negative predictive value 3. Positive predictive value 4. Specificity 5. Sensitivity 6. Relative risk 7. Relative risk reduction 8. Absolute risk reduction 9. Accuracy of test 10. Chi-squared test 11. Likelihood ratio 12. Standard error of mean 13. Standard deviation and variance 14. Power 15. Odds ratio Appendix: 1. The international system of units 2. Units of measurement Index.
Preface Foreword Part I. Physics: Section 1A. Gases: 1. Boyle's law 2. Charles' law 3. Gay-Lussac's law 4. Avogadro's law 5. Universal gas equation 6. Dalton's law of partial pressures 7. Henry's law 8. Graham's law of diffusion Section 1B. Pressure and Flow: 1. Pressure and force 2. Hagen-Poiseuille equation and laminar flow 3. Reynold's number and turbulent flow 4. Laplace's law and tension 5. Bernoulli equation and Venturi effect Section 1C. Electricity: 1. Ohm's law: voltage, current and resistance 2. Capacitance 3. Inductance 4. Work and power 5. Transformers 6. Electrical charge Section 1D. Other: 1. Doppler equation and Doppler effect 2. Beer-Lambert law 3. Humidity 4. Natural frequency 5. Wave equation and ultrasound Part II. Pharmacology: Section 2A. Pharmacokinetics: 1. Bioavailability 2. Volume of distribution 3. Clearance 4. Hepatic clearance 5. Concentration and elimination 6. Plasma concentration and compartment models 7. Loading dose and maintenance dose 8. Exponential function and rate constant 9. Half life and context-sensitive half life 10. Time constant 11. Rates of reaction 12. Michaelis-Menten equation Section 2B. Pharmacodynamics: 1. Drug-receptor dissociation constant and affinity 2. Therapeutic index Part III. Physiology: Section 3A. Cardiovascular: 1. Cardiac output and cardiac index 2. Stroke volume 3. Ventricular stroke work and index 4. Ejection fraction and fractional area change 5. Coronary perfusion pressure and coronary blood flow 6. Bazett's formula - QT interval corrected 7. The Fick principle - cardiac output measurement 8. The Fick equation - oxygen uptake measurement 9. Mean arterial pressure 10. Venous return 11. Total blood volume 12. Systemic vascular resistance 13. Uterine blood flow 14. Stewart-Hamilton equation 15. Oxygen delivery 16. Oxygen extraction ratio 17. Oxygen content 18. The dilution principle - measurement of fluid compartment volume Section 3B. Respiratory: 1. Diffusing capacity 2. Compliance 3. Bohr equation 4. Alveolar ventilation equation 5. Alveolar gas equation 6. Helium dilution technique 7. Spirometry: forced expiration 8. Lung volumes and capacities 9. Respiratory quotient (and respiratory exchange ratio) 10. Shunt equation 11. Pulmonary vascular resistance Section 3C. Renal: 1. Renal filtration fraction 2. Renal clearance and Cockcroft-Gault formula 3. Starling's equation - rate of filtration 4. Fick's law of diffusion Section 3D. Cellular, Biochemical and Acid-base: 1. Osmolality, osmolarity and the osmolar gap 2. Morse equation and osmotic pressure 3. Anion gap 4. Goldman equation 5. Gibbs-Donnan effect 6. Nernst equation 7. pH 8. pKa 9. Acid-base compensation simplified 10. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Section 3E. Neurological: 1. Cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure 2. Intraocular pressure Part IV. Statistics: 1. Binary classification tests and 2x2 tables 2. Negative predictive value 3. Positive predictive value 4. Specificity 5. Sensitivity 6. Relative risk 7. Relative risk reduction 8. Absolute risk reduction 9. Accuracy of test 10. Chi-squared test 11. Likelihood ratio 12. Standard error of mean 13. Standard deviation and variance 14. Power 15. Odds ratio Appendix: 1. The international system of units 2. Units of measurement Index.
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