It is the continuous reports of unethical behavior in the form of data manipulation, cheating, plagiarism, and other forms of unacceptable behavior that draw attention to the issues of misconduct. The causes of misconduct are manifold whether it is the need to advance in a chosen discipline or to compete successfully for and obtain research funding. Disappointingly, individuals who are oriented to any form of dishonesty are individuals who had previously displayed little or no consideration for the feelings of others and are therefore more interested in themselves, at the expense of the…mehr
It is the continuous reports of unethical behavior in the form of data manipulation, cheating, plagiarism, and other forms of unacceptable behavior that draw attention to the issues of misconduct. The causes of misconduct are manifold whether it is the need to advance in a chosen discipline or to compete successfully for and obtain research funding. Disappointingly, individuals who are oriented to any form of dishonesty are individuals who had previously displayed little or no consideration for the feelings of others and are therefore more interested in themselves, at the expense of the students, and others recognizing them by any means necessary. This ground-breaking and honest examination of ethics in the university setting is unabashed in its descriptions of misconduct in the academic world. The text is well furbished with numerous citations that point to academic misconduct and the final chapter deals with the means by which misconduct can be mitigated, a strong reminder to everyone in the academic community that above board conduct must be part of our overall message of learning and part of the whole point of education in the first place. A must-have for academics and non-academics alike, this text is the second in a series of books on ethics by James G. Speight, and it is useful to anyone, in any industry, who is interested in ethical behavior and how to navigate the sometimes murky depths of our professional lives.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
James G. Speight, PhD, has more than forty-five years of experience in energy, environmental science, and ethics. He is the author of more than 65 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, biomass and biofuels, and environmental sciences. Although he has always worked in private industry which focused on contract-based work, Dr. Speight has served as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah and in the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Wyoming. In addition, he was a Visiting Professor in the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq and has also been a Visiting Professor in Chemical Engineering at the University of Missouri-Columbia, the Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Trinidad and Tobago.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface ix 1 The Concept of Ethics 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Professionalism and Ethics 6 1.3 Morals and Values 9 1.4 Codes of Ethics and Ethical Standards 12 1.5 Academic Freedom 15 References 19 2 Codes of Ethics 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Codes of Ethics 29 2.3 Ethics in the University 37 2.4 Ethics and Research 43 References 45 3 Academia 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Definitions 51 3.3 The Faculty 52 3.3.1 Professor 53 3.3.2 Associate Professor 55 3.3.3 Assistant Professor 56 3.3.4 Lecturer 57 3.3.5 Teaching Assistant 58 3.3.6 Other Faculty Positions 59 3.3.6.1 Adjunct Faculty 59 3.3.6.2 Research Professor 60 3.3.6.3 Professor Emeritus 60 3.3.6.4 Endowed Chair 60 3.3.6.5 Reader 61 3.3.6.6 Docent 62 3.4 Faculty Leave 62 3.5 Nonacademic Staff 64 3.5.1 The Personnel Office 64 3.5.2 The Finance Office 65 3.6 Tenure and Tenure Track 65 3.7 The Student 71 3.8 Research Funding 73 References 73 4 Integrity in Academia 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Faculty Evaluation 80 4.3 Faculty Conduct and Misconduct 82 4.3.1 Reporting Research Data 82 4.3.2 Misrepresenting Credentials 84 4.4 Faculty Relationships 84 4.4.1 Faculty-Student Relationships 84 4.4.2 Faculty-Graduate Student Relationships 85 4.4.2.1 The Master's Degree 86 4.4.2.2 The Doctoral Degree 88 4.4.2.3 The Research Fellowship 92 4.4.3 Faculty-Faculty Relationships 92 4.4.4 Faculty-Staff Relationships 93 4.4.5 Dating Relationships 94 4.4.5.1 Student-Professor Dating 94 4.4.5.2 Student-Teaching Assistant Dating 95 4.5 A Matter of Control 95 References 99 5 Integrity in Teaching 103 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 The Learning Path 107 5.2.1 Degree Courses 108 5.2.2 Graduate Degree Courses 111 5.2.2.1 The Master's Degree 112 5.2.2.2 The Doctorate 113 5.3 The Impact of the Professor 116 5.4 Professionalism 118 5.5 Morals and Values 119 References 122 6 Integrity in Research 127 6.1 Introduction 127 6.2 The Nature and Conduct of Research 134 Contents vii 6.3 Collecting Research Data 139 6.3.1 Bias in Analytical Methods 139 6.3.2 Misuse of the Data 140 6.3.3 Falsifi cation and Fabrication of Data 141 6.3.4 Plagiarism and Theft 142 6.4 Controls 143 6.5 Intellectual Property 146 References 150 7 Publication and Communication 155 7.1 Introduction 155 7.2 The Literature 158 7.3 The Journals 159 7.4 Data for Publication 164 7.5 Peer Reviewers and Their Duties 166 7.5.1 The Department Head 168 7.5.2 The Dean 170 7.5.3 The Journal Editor 171 References 173 8 Data Manipulation 177 8.1 Introduction 177 8.2 Misuse of Data 179 8.2.1 Examinations and Pass Rate 183 8.2.2 Research Data 184 8.2.2.1 Flawed Research 185 8.2.2.2 Stretching Data 186 8.2.2.3 Distorting Data 187 8.2.2.4 Rejecting or Ignoring Data 187 8.2.3 False Claims 188 8.2.4 Use of Mathematical Models 189 8.2.5 Collapsing Data 190 8.2.6 Use of Statistics 191 8.2.6.1 Use of Inadequate or Nonrepresentative Data 192 8.2.6.2 Inadequate Reasoning on the Basis of the Data 193 8.2.6.3 Misleading Visualization of the Data 194 8.3 Misuse of Research Funds 195 References 197 9 Harassment: Sexual and Otherwise 201 9.1 Introduction 201 9.2 Title IX 205 9.3 Harassment Situations 210 9.4 Effect on the Victim 213 9.5 Effect on the University 217 References 219 10 The Sporting Megalopolis 223 10.1 Introduction 223 10.2 Why University Sports? 233 10.2.1 Fairness 235 10.2.2 Responsibility 235 10.2.3 Respect 236 10.3 Athletes and Scholarships 237 10.4 To be Paid or Not to be Paid 238 10.5 Passing Grades of Athletes 239 10.6 Sports After the University 241 References 242 11 Enforcement of Codes of Ethics 247 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Following a Code of Ethics 249 11.2.1 Disregard for Teaching and Research Programs 249 11.2.2 Conflict of Interest 250 11.2.3 Data Manipulation 251 11.2.4 The White Lie 253 11.2.5 Costs to the Student 254 11.3 Reporting Misconduct 255 11.3.1 Mechanisms for Reporting Misconduct 256 11.3.2 Whistleblowers 256 11.3.3 Persecution of Whistleblowers 257 11.4 Enforcing a Code of Ethics 258 11.4.1 The Ethics Committee 259 11.4.2 Punishment for Misconduct 259 11.4.3 Success of the Code 262 11.5 Necessary Actions 264 References 266 Glossary 271 Index 289 About the Author 293
Preface ix 1 The Concept of Ethics 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Professionalism and Ethics 6 1.3 Morals and Values 9 1.4 Codes of Ethics and Ethical Standards 12 1.5 Academic Freedom 15 References 19 2 Codes of Ethics 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Codes of Ethics 29 2.3 Ethics in the University 37 2.4 Ethics and Research 43 References 45 3 Academia 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Definitions 51 3.3 The Faculty 52 3.3.1 Professor 53 3.3.2 Associate Professor 55 3.3.3 Assistant Professor 56 3.3.4 Lecturer 57 3.3.5 Teaching Assistant 58 3.3.6 Other Faculty Positions 59 3.3.6.1 Adjunct Faculty 59 3.3.6.2 Research Professor 60 3.3.6.3 Professor Emeritus 60 3.3.6.4 Endowed Chair 60 3.3.6.5 Reader 61 3.3.6.6 Docent 62 3.4 Faculty Leave 62 3.5 Nonacademic Staff 64 3.5.1 The Personnel Office 64 3.5.2 The Finance Office 65 3.6 Tenure and Tenure Track 65 3.7 The Student 71 3.8 Research Funding 73 References 73 4 Integrity in Academia 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Faculty Evaluation 80 4.3 Faculty Conduct and Misconduct 82 4.3.1 Reporting Research Data 82 4.3.2 Misrepresenting Credentials 84 4.4 Faculty Relationships 84 4.4.1 Faculty-Student Relationships 84 4.4.2 Faculty-Graduate Student Relationships 85 4.4.2.1 The Master's Degree 86 4.4.2.2 The Doctoral Degree 88 4.4.2.3 The Research Fellowship 92 4.4.3 Faculty-Faculty Relationships 92 4.4.4 Faculty-Staff Relationships 93 4.4.5 Dating Relationships 94 4.4.5.1 Student-Professor Dating 94 4.4.5.2 Student-Teaching Assistant Dating 95 4.5 A Matter of Control 95 References 99 5 Integrity in Teaching 103 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 The Learning Path 107 5.2.1 Degree Courses 108 5.2.2 Graduate Degree Courses 111 5.2.2.1 The Master's Degree 112 5.2.2.2 The Doctorate 113 5.3 The Impact of the Professor 116 5.4 Professionalism 118 5.5 Morals and Values 119 References 122 6 Integrity in Research 127 6.1 Introduction 127 6.2 The Nature and Conduct of Research 134 Contents vii 6.3 Collecting Research Data 139 6.3.1 Bias in Analytical Methods 139 6.3.2 Misuse of the Data 140 6.3.3 Falsifi cation and Fabrication of Data 141 6.3.4 Plagiarism and Theft 142 6.4 Controls 143 6.5 Intellectual Property 146 References 150 7 Publication and Communication 155 7.1 Introduction 155 7.2 The Literature 158 7.3 The Journals 159 7.4 Data for Publication 164 7.5 Peer Reviewers and Their Duties 166 7.5.1 The Department Head 168 7.5.2 The Dean 170 7.5.3 The Journal Editor 171 References 173 8 Data Manipulation 177 8.1 Introduction 177 8.2 Misuse of Data 179 8.2.1 Examinations and Pass Rate 183 8.2.2 Research Data 184 8.2.2.1 Flawed Research 185 8.2.2.2 Stretching Data 186 8.2.2.3 Distorting Data 187 8.2.2.4 Rejecting or Ignoring Data 187 8.2.3 False Claims 188 8.2.4 Use of Mathematical Models 189 8.2.5 Collapsing Data 190 8.2.6 Use of Statistics 191 8.2.6.1 Use of Inadequate or Nonrepresentative Data 192 8.2.6.2 Inadequate Reasoning on the Basis of the Data 193 8.2.6.3 Misleading Visualization of the Data 194 8.3 Misuse of Research Funds 195 References 197 9 Harassment: Sexual and Otherwise 201 9.1 Introduction 201 9.2 Title IX 205 9.3 Harassment Situations 210 9.4 Effect on the Victim 213 9.5 Effect on the University 217 References 219 10 The Sporting Megalopolis 223 10.1 Introduction 223 10.2 Why University Sports? 233 10.2.1 Fairness 235 10.2.2 Responsibility 235 10.2.3 Respect 236 10.3 Athletes and Scholarships 237 10.4 To be Paid or Not to be Paid 238 10.5 Passing Grades of Athletes 239 10.6 Sports After the University 241 References 242 11 Enforcement of Codes of Ethics 247 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Following a Code of Ethics 249 11.2.1 Disregard for Teaching and Research Programs 249 11.2.2 Conflict of Interest 250 11.2.3 Data Manipulation 251 11.2.4 The White Lie 253 11.2.5 Costs to the Student 254 11.3 Reporting Misconduct 255 11.3.1 Mechanisms for Reporting Misconduct 256 11.3.2 Whistleblowers 256 11.3.3 Persecution of Whistleblowers 257 11.4 Enforcing a Code of Ethics 258 11.4.1 The Ethics Committee 259 11.4.2 Punishment for Misconduct 259 11.4.3 Success of the Code 262 11.5 Necessary Actions 264 References 266 Glossary 271 Index 289 About the Author 293
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