Political participation based to some extent on ethnicity or geography is deeply rooted in Congolese society. Hence, ethnicity remains a weapon of political combat that everyone seeks to use before embarking on an electoral adventure. In view of this unavoidable reality, we have reflected on the use of ethnicity as a weapon in the conquest of political power in the Democratic Republic of Congo, focusing on the instrumentalist approach to the subjective dimension of ethnicity in the 2006 presidential elections.