This book is to highlight the value of traditional knowledge and its significance with respect to the particular case study. The tribe Paniyans of Vaniyampuzha, Nilamabur, Malappuram district of Kerala, India depends large number of medicinal plant species to treat wide spectrum of human ailments. It also highlights the traditional knowledge of tribe Paniyans of the study area are highly valuable. Such valuable plants are to be protected and conserved for future generation.