The monograph is devoted to the study of the mythological model of the world, mythosemiotic and linguistic picture of the world in the light of the history of world culture and the evolution of knowledge in diachronic and synchronic aspects on the material of English, Bashkir and Russian languages. The work presents the system of archetypical mythological ideas of macro / microcosm of man (nature, Earth and Universe) in the history of spiritual culture, and its representation in the linguistic picture of the world in terms of the idea of Eurasian language interaction. The author investigates ancient mythological cults of human worship (earth, water, wood, stone, animals, space) as signs of the linguistic system, considered as a complex text, created by members of a particular cultural and linguistic space. For linguists, culturologists and a wide range of readers interested in comparative-historical and comparative linguistics, philosophy, cultural history.