Apricot belongs to the genus Prunus L. which comprises numerous species representing major highly economic vegetable crops. It is an edible fruit of the apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca L.). This book discusses the biochemical and molecular assessment of apricot germplasm in order to reveal the amount and distribution of the genetic variability resided within and among apricot genetic resources. This book is of interest to plant geneticist, agronomists, plant breeders, researchers, and scientists.