Keith Dowding is Professor of Political Science in the School of Politics and International Relations, Research School of Social Sciences and Director of the Research College of Arts and Social Sciences at the Australian National University.
1. Hirschman's original idea
2. Exits, voices and the object of loyalty
3. Exit, voice, loyalty and neglect
4. The structure of UK public services and some simple relationships
5. Evidence of the major EVL relationships
6. Exit, voice and welfare
Appendix A. Summary of the empirical literature testing EVL
Appendix B. Note on statistical methods
Appendix C. The survey instrument.
