This paperwork aims to synthetize the discussions being held in Brazil towards the possibilities of the country to become a supplier of significant part of ethanol as partial substitute of gasoline in a worldwide scale, having as theoretical basis important secondary sources. For that, the analysis is started by considerations about the possibilities of sugarcane agroindustry expansion in Brazil, taking into account as much the agricultural activity (sugarcane production) as industrial activities (sugarcane and ethanol production) and the initiatives related to them (equipment and supplies for production).