Casting is one of the most important processes in manufacturing environment to develop a product for the customer needs and satisfaction. A lot of casting processes are used in industrial for manufacturing the product. Among various casting processes, sand casting is the most popular and widely used to cast both ferrous and non-ferrous materials. The major benefits of selecting the sand casting process are excellent dimensional geometry, easy to develop the patterns, increased production rate and less solidification time when compared to other casting. The main objective of sand casting is to provide a part with good quality and relatively low cost. Most of the small scale industries are making the cast material by sand casting process only. It is observed that the yield of casting ranges from 50 to 55 percent only. The 50% of the raw material is spending for riser, runner and gating system. Out of 50%, the riser alone has 25% of the raw material. It is clear that, the riser having more volume of raw material. It is necessary to concentrate the size and geometry of the riser.
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