Covering the adventures of coastal and ocean explorers who made key discoveries and landmark observations from northern California up the coastline to Alaska during the mid-1700s to the early 1800s, this anthology of primary source journal entries, book excerpts, maps, and drawings enables readers to "discover" the Northwest Coast for themselves. More than 200 years ago, explorers traveled from Central America, Russia, and even Europe to explore the coastline of the American Pacific Northwest, with goals of developing new trade routes, claiming territory for their home countries, expanding…mehr
Covering the adventures of coastal and ocean explorers who made key discoveries and landmark observations from northern California up the coastline to Alaska during the mid-1700s to the early 1800s, this anthology of primary source journal entries, book excerpts, maps, and drawings enables readers to "discover" the Northwest Coast for themselves. More than 200 years ago, explorers traveled from Central America, Russia, and even Europe to explore the coastline of the American Pacific Northwest, with goals of developing new trade routes, claiming territory for their home countries, expanding their fur trade, or exploring in the name of scientific discovery. This book will take readers to the decks of the great ships and along for the adventures of legendary explorers, such as James Cook, Alejandro Malaspina, and George Vancouver. This book collects primary source materials such as journal entries, book excerpts, maps, and drawings that document how explorers first experienced the unknown Pacific Northwest coast, as seen through the eyes of non-native people. Readers will learn how explorers such as Vitus Bering and Robert Gray used the full extent of their powers of observation to record the landscape, animals, and plants they witnessed as well as their interactions with indigenous peoples during their search for the mythic Northwest Passage. The book also explains how the maritime explorers of this period mapped the remote regions of the Northwest Coast, working without the benefit of modern technology and relying instead on their knowledge of a range of sciences, mathematics, and seamanship-in addition to their ability to endure harsh and dangerous conditions-to produce exceptionally detailed maps.
William L. Lang is professor emeritus of history at Portland State University and founding editor of The Oregon Encyclopedia. James V. Walker is a retired physician and map collector living in Eugene, OR, with research interests focusing on the Pacific Northwest and early 19th-century Trans-Mississippi West material.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface Introduction Selected Chronology Chapter 1: Sebastián Vizcaíno Expedition to California 1602-1603 1. A Port for the Manila Galleon 1585 2. Viceroy Conde de Monterrey's Sailing Orders 1602 3. At the Port of Acapulco 1602 4. Scurvy Interrupts the Voyage 1603 5. Navigating with the Bolaños Derrotero 1603 6. Rio de MartÍn Aguilar 1603 7. Port of Monterey 1603 8. California as an Island 1625 9. Coastal Chart of the Vizcaíno Voyage 1802 Chapter 2: Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov Second Kamchatka Expedition 1733-1743 10. Joseph Delisle Map 1733 11. Orders from the Empress Anna 1732 12. Imperial Ambitions 1732 1734 13. Reports from Kamchatka 1742 14. Georg Stellar on Bering Island 1743 15. Tragic Cost of Scurvy 1741 16. Social Costs of Natives of Kamchatka 1743 17. Joseph Delisle's Map of New Discoveries 1752 18. Gerhard Müller's Attack on Delisle 1754 19. The Russian Map 1754 Chapter 3: Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra and Bruno de Hezeta Second Bucareli Expedition 1775 20. Defense of Empire 1757 21. Viceroy Antonio Bucareli's Orders 1775 (1773) 22. Shipboard Conditions 1775 23. Hazards of Navigation 1775 24. Ceremonies of Possession 1774 25. Bruno Hezeta's Map of the Columbia River 1775 26. Ayala in San Francisco Bay 1775 27. Human Cost and First Encounters 1775 28. Bruno Hezeta's Coastal Map 1775 29. Rare Publicized Reports 1776 1781 Chapter 4: James Cook First British Foray to the Northwest Coast 1778 30. Secret Instructions from the Admiralty 1776 31. On the Oregon Coast 1778 32. Ship Repairs at Nootka Sound 1778 33. Buying Nature at Nootka Sound 1778 34. Native Art 1778 35. Looking for the Northwest Passage 1778 36. At the Bering Strait on the Edge of the Continent 1778 37. Meeting the Russians 1778 38. Death of Cook 1779 39. Cook's Great Chart 1784 Chapter 5: Fur Traders Commerce and Cartography 1785-1792 40. George Dixon's Discoveries in the Pacific Northwest 1787 41. John Kendrick's Land Purchases 1791 42. John Meares and the Nootka Sound Controversy 1790 43. John Meares's Orders to Explore New Markets 1788 44. A Conniving Letter to Joseph Banks 1788 45. Alexander Dalrymple's Fur Trade Plan 1789 46. Tragic Human Costs of Pursuing Furs 1787 47. James Hanna's Conflict with Natives 1785 48. John Meares's Map 1790 49. Aaron Arrowsmith's Map of the Northwest Coast 1790 Chapter 6: Jean-François de Galaup Comte de La Pérouse Following Cook 1785-1788 50. The King's Instructions 1785 51. Sighting the Northwest Coast 1786 52. Map of Port des Français 1797 53. Lituya Bay Tragedy 1786 54. The Tlingit Narrative of the Lituya Tragedy 1886 55. Tlingit Trade Exchange 1786 56. La Pérouse's Map of the Northwest Coast 1797 57. Macao Trade Protocols 1787 58. Uncertain Remedies for Scurvy 1788 Chapter 7: Alejandro Malaspina Spanish Enlightenment on the Northwest Coast 1788-1791 59. Malaspina's Plan for a Circumnavigation 1788 60. In Search of the Strait of Anian 1789 61. Malaspina and Bustamante at Acapulco 1791 62. Strait of Anian Investigations 1791 63. Port Mulgrave Map 1802 64. With the Tlingit at Port Mulgrave 1791 65. Speculations on the Peopling of America 1791 66. A Plan of the Friendly Harbor 1802 67. Malaspina at Nootka Sound 1791 68. Malaspina and Political Tragedy 1794-1803 Chapter 8: George Vancouver the Great Survey of the Northwest Coast 1791-1795 69. Letter of Instruction to George Vancouver 1791 70. First Contact with Northwest Natives 1792 71. Near-Conflict in Puget Sound 1792 72. Sounding and Surveying Puget Sound 1792 73. Negotiating the Nootka Convention 1792 74. Maquinna's Feast at Tahsis 1792 75. Menzies at Friendly Cove 1792 76. Broughton's Map of the Columbia River 1798 77. Vancouver's Great Map of the Coast 1798 78. The Public Humiliation of George Vancouver 1795-1798 Chapter 9: Robert Gray First American Commercial Northwest Coast Voyages 1787-1793 79. The Partners' Instructions for the First Voyage 1787 80. Kendrick's Sailing Instructions 1788 81. At Murderers Harbor 1788 82. Gray Takes Command of the Columbia 1789 83. The Partners' Instructions for the Second Voyage 1790 84. At Clayoquot Sound 1792 85. Conflict at Gray's Harbor 1792 86. Gray on the Columbia River 1792 87. Gray's Columbia River Sketch May 1792 Chapter 10: Dionisio Alcalá Galiano Exploration of the Strait of Juan de Fuca 1792 88. In Search of Spanish Dominion in the Strait of Juan de Fuca 1792 89. Search for the Northwest Passage 1792 90. Malaspina's and Revillagigedo's Orders to Galiano 1791 1792 91. Tetacus Native of Vancouver Island June 1792 92. Ship Manifests and Technology 1792 93. The Importance to the Viceroy of Place-Names on Maps 1793 94. Perils in the Strait of Juan de Fuca July 1792 95. Exchange of Information between Galiano and Vancouver June-July 1792 96. The Placement and Replacement of Place-Names 1795 97. Coastal Map of Vizcaíno's Voyage 1802 Selected Bibliography Index
Preface Introduction Selected Chronology Chapter 1: Sebastián Vizcaíno Expedition to California 1602-1603 1. A Port for the Manila Galleon 1585 2. Viceroy Conde de Monterrey's Sailing Orders 1602 3. At the Port of Acapulco 1602 4. Scurvy Interrupts the Voyage 1603 5. Navigating with the Bolaños Derrotero 1603 6. Rio de MartÍn Aguilar 1603 7. Port of Monterey 1603 8. California as an Island 1625 9. Coastal Chart of the Vizcaíno Voyage 1802 Chapter 2: Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov Second Kamchatka Expedition 1733-1743 10. Joseph Delisle Map 1733 11. Orders from the Empress Anna 1732 12. Imperial Ambitions 1732 1734 13. Reports from Kamchatka 1742 14. Georg Stellar on Bering Island 1743 15. Tragic Cost of Scurvy 1741 16. Social Costs of Natives of Kamchatka 1743 17. Joseph Delisle's Map of New Discoveries 1752 18. Gerhard Müller's Attack on Delisle 1754 19. The Russian Map 1754 Chapter 3: Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra and Bruno de Hezeta Second Bucareli Expedition 1775 20. Defense of Empire 1757 21. Viceroy Antonio Bucareli's Orders 1775 (1773) 22. Shipboard Conditions 1775 23. Hazards of Navigation 1775 24. Ceremonies of Possession 1774 25. Bruno Hezeta's Map of the Columbia River 1775 26. Ayala in San Francisco Bay 1775 27. Human Cost and First Encounters 1775 28. Bruno Hezeta's Coastal Map 1775 29. Rare Publicized Reports 1776 1781 Chapter 4: James Cook First British Foray to the Northwest Coast 1778 30. Secret Instructions from the Admiralty 1776 31. On the Oregon Coast 1778 32. Ship Repairs at Nootka Sound 1778 33. Buying Nature at Nootka Sound 1778 34. Native Art 1778 35. Looking for the Northwest Passage 1778 36. At the Bering Strait on the Edge of the Continent 1778 37. Meeting the Russians 1778 38. Death of Cook 1779 39. Cook's Great Chart 1784 Chapter 5: Fur Traders Commerce and Cartography 1785-1792 40. George Dixon's Discoveries in the Pacific Northwest 1787 41. John Kendrick's Land Purchases 1791 42. John Meares and the Nootka Sound Controversy 1790 43. John Meares's Orders to Explore New Markets 1788 44. A Conniving Letter to Joseph Banks 1788 45. Alexander Dalrymple's Fur Trade Plan 1789 46. Tragic Human Costs of Pursuing Furs 1787 47. James Hanna's Conflict with Natives 1785 48. John Meares's Map 1790 49. Aaron Arrowsmith's Map of the Northwest Coast 1790 Chapter 6: Jean-François de Galaup Comte de La Pérouse Following Cook 1785-1788 50. The King's Instructions 1785 51. Sighting the Northwest Coast 1786 52. Map of Port des Français 1797 53. Lituya Bay Tragedy 1786 54. The Tlingit Narrative of the Lituya Tragedy 1886 55. Tlingit Trade Exchange 1786 56. La Pérouse's Map of the Northwest Coast 1797 57. Macao Trade Protocols 1787 58. Uncertain Remedies for Scurvy 1788 Chapter 7: Alejandro Malaspina Spanish Enlightenment on the Northwest Coast 1788-1791 59. Malaspina's Plan for a Circumnavigation 1788 60. In Search of the Strait of Anian 1789 61. Malaspina and Bustamante at Acapulco 1791 62. Strait of Anian Investigations 1791 63. Port Mulgrave Map 1802 64. With the Tlingit at Port Mulgrave 1791 65. Speculations on the Peopling of America 1791 66. A Plan of the Friendly Harbor 1802 67. Malaspina at Nootka Sound 1791 68. Malaspina and Political Tragedy 1794-1803 Chapter 8: George Vancouver the Great Survey of the Northwest Coast 1791-1795 69. Letter of Instruction to George Vancouver 1791 70. First Contact with Northwest Natives 1792 71. Near-Conflict in Puget Sound 1792 72. Sounding and Surveying Puget Sound 1792 73. Negotiating the Nootka Convention 1792 74. Maquinna's Feast at Tahsis 1792 75. Menzies at Friendly Cove 1792 76. Broughton's Map of the Columbia River 1798 77. Vancouver's Great Map of the Coast 1798 78. The Public Humiliation of George Vancouver 1795-1798 Chapter 9: Robert Gray First American Commercial Northwest Coast Voyages 1787-1793 79. The Partners' Instructions for the First Voyage 1787 80. Kendrick's Sailing Instructions 1788 81. At Murderers Harbor 1788 82. Gray Takes Command of the Columbia 1789 83. The Partners' Instructions for the Second Voyage 1790 84. At Clayoquot Sound 1792 85. Conflict at Gray's Harbor 1792 86. Gray on the Columbia River 1792 87. Gray's Columbia River Sketch May 1792 Chapter 10: Dionisio Alcalá Galiano Exploration of the Strait of Juan de Fuca 1792 88. In Search of Spanish Dominion in the Strait of Juan de Fuca 1792 89. Search for the Northwest Passage 1792 90. Malaspina's and Revillagigedo's Orders to Galiano 1791 1792 91. Tetacus Native of Vancouver Island June 1792 92. Ship Manifests and Technology 1792 93. The Importance to the Viceroy of Place-Names on Maps 1793 94. Perils in the Strait of Juan de Fuca July 1792 95. Exchange of Information between Galiano and Vancouver June-July 1792 96. The Placement and Replacement of Place-Names 1795 97. Coastal Map of Vizcaíno's Voyage 1802 Selected Bibliography Index
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