The focus of this qualitative study is to explore the opportunities and challenges of special needs education at Adama town. The cornerstone of students with disabilities is the availability of special needs. To identify the major opportunities and challenges of special needs education at Adama town the study used the following research questions: What are the opportunities of the special needs education in the educational system? What are the major challenges of special needs education? What are the roles of parents, teachers, and educational leaders in the special needs education processes? For any child with disability, special education involves inter- and intra-personal changes that affect future well-being. Unfortunately, the majority of children with disabilities are less likely to be fully accessed to special needs education. To date, very little research about the opportunities and challenges of special needs education in the study area exists. This research report will add to the body of knowledge about the opportunities and challenges of special education and corresponding roles of parents, teachers and educational officers.