The last two decades have seen a steady and impressive development, and eventual industrial acceptance, of the high energy-rate manufact turing techniques based on the utilisation of energy available in an explo sive charge. Not only has it become economically viable to fabricate complex shapes and integrally bonded composites-which otherwise might not have been obtainable easily, if at all-but also a source of reasonably cheap energy and uniquely simple techniques, that often dispense with heavy equipment, have been made available to the engineer and applied scientist. The consolidation of…mehr
The last two decades have seen a steady and impressive development, and eventual industrial acceptance, of the high energy-rate manufact turing techniques based on the utilisation of energy available in an explo sive charge. Not only has it become economically viable to fabricate complex shapes and integrally bonded composites-which otherwise might not have been obtainable easily, if at all-but also a source of reasonably cheap energy and uniquely simple techniques, that often dispense with heavy equipment, have been made available to the engineer and applied scientist. The consolidation of theoretical knowledge and practical experience which we have witnessed in this area of activity in the last few years, combined with the growing industrial interest in the explosive forming, welding and compacting processes, makes it possible and also opportune to present, at this stage, an in-depth review of the state of the art. This book is a compendium of monographic contributions, each one of which represents a particular theoretical or industrial facet of the explosive operations. The contributions come from a number of practising engineers and scientists who seek to establish the present state of knowledge in the areas of the formation and propagation of shock and stress waves in metals, their metallurgical effects, and the methods of experimental assessment of these phenomena.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1. Introduction to High-energy-rate Metalworking.- 1.1. Background.- 1.2. High-energy-rate Processes.- 1.3. Development of the Field.- 1.4. Continued development of the field.- References.- 2. Propagation of Stress Waves in Metals.- 2.1. Dynamic Propagation of Deformation.- 2.2. Elastic Waves.- 2.3. Plastic Waves.- 2.4. Shock Waves.- 2.5. Defect Generation.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3. Metallurgical Effects of Shock and Pressure Waves in Metals.- 3.1. Principal Features of High-strain-rate and Shock deformation in Metals.- 3.2. Permanent Changes: Residual Microstructure-Mechanical Property Relationships.- 3.3. Response of Metals to Thermomechanical Shock Treatment.- 3.4. Summary and Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 4. High-rate straining and Mechanical Properties of Materials.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Testing Techniques at High Rates of Strain.- 4.3. Mechanical Properties of Materials at High Rates of Strain.- 4.4. Mechanical Equations of State at High Rates of Strain.- 4.5. Summary.- References.- 5. Basic Consideration for Commercial Processes.- 5.1. Explosive cladding.- 5.2. Design of Clad Assemblies.- 5.3. Assembly of Clads.- 5.4. Explosives.- 5.5. Double Sided Clads.- 5.6. Multilayer Clads.- 5.7. Post Cladding Operations.- 5.8. Destructive Testing.- 5.9. Tubular Components.- 5.10. Explosive Hardening.- 6. Mechanics of Explosive Welding.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. The Mechanism of Explosive Welding.- 6.3. Parameters of the Explosive Welding Process.- 6.4. Interfacial Waves.- 6.5. Analysis of Flow in the Collision Region.- References.- 7. Explosive Welding in Planar Geometries.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Material Combinations and Flyer Thicknesses.- 7.3. Basic Welding Geometries.- 7.4. Selection of Bonding Parameters.- 7.5. Direct Measurement of Bonding Parameters.- 7.6. Miscellaneous Welding Geometries for Sheets and Plates.- 7.7. Welding of Foils.- 7.8. Applications.- 7.9. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 8. Welding of Tubular, Rod and Special Assemblies.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Explosive and Implosive Welding Systems and Bonding Parameters.- 8.3. Welding of Duplex and Triplex Cylinders.- 8.4. Tube-to-tubeplate Welding.- 8.5. Explosive Plugging of Tubes in Tubeplates.- 8.6. Multilayer Foil Reinforced Cylinders.- 8.7. Interface Wire Mesh Reinforcement.- 8.8. Transition Joints.- 8.9. Solid and Hollow Axisymmetric Components.- References.- 9. Explosive Forming.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Formability of Engineering Alloys.- 9.3. Mechanical Properties of Explosively formed Components.- 9.4. Air and Underwater Forming Systems.- 9.5. Die and Dieless Forming.- 9.6. Analysis of Final Shapes in Free-Forming.- 9.7. Parameters and Analysis of Die Design.- 9.8. Forming of Domes and of Elements of Spherical Vessels.- 9.9. Forming and Punching of Tubular Components.- 9.10. Miscellaneous Forming Operations.- 9.11. Conclusion.- References.- 10. Powder Compaction.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Dynamic Compressibility of Powders.- 10.3. Type of Shock Wave and Density Distribution.- 10.4. Temperature and Strain Rate Effects.- 10.5. Phase Transitions in Shock Loading Mixtures.- 10.6. General Mechanical Properties of Compacted Powders.- 10.7. X-ray and Other Methods of Evaluating Residual Stress Distribution.- 10.8. Basic Problems in Fabricating Semi-finished Parts.- 10.9. Static and Dynamic Compaction: A Comparison of Material Properties.- References.
1. Introduction to High-energy-rate Metalworking.- 1.1. Background.- 1.2. High-energy-rate Processes.- 1.3. Development of the Field.- 1.4. Continued development of the field.- References.- 2. Propagation of Stress Waves in Metals.- 2.1. Dynamic Propagation of Deformation.- 2.2. Elastic Waves.- 2.3. Plastic Waves.- 2.4. Shock Waves.- 2.5. Defect Generation.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3. Metallurgical Effects of Shock and Pressure Waves in Metals.- 3.1. Principal Features of High-strain-rate and Shock deformation in Metals.- 3.2. Permanent Changes: Residual Microstructure-Mechanical Property Relationships.- 3.3. Response of Metals to Thermomechanical Shock Treatment.- 3.4. Summary and Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 4. High-rate straining and Mechanical Properties of Materials.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Testing Techniques at High Rates of Strain.- 4.3. Mechanical Properties of Materials at High Rates of Strain.- 4.4. Mechanical Equations of State at High Rates of Strain.- 4.5. Summary.- References.- 5. Basic Consideration for Commercial Processes.- 5.1. Explosive cladding.- 5.2. Design of Clad Assemblies.- 5.3. Assembly of Clads.- 5.4. Explosives.- 5.5. Double Sided Clads.- 5.6. Multilayer Clads.- 5.7. Post Cladding Operations.- 5.8. Destructive Testing.- 5.9. Tubular Components.- 5.10. Explosive Hardening.- 6. Mechanics of Explosive Welding.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. The Mechanism of Explosive Welding.- 6.3. Parameters of the Explosive Welding Process.- 6.4. Interfacial Waves.- 6.5. Analysis of Flow in the Collision Region.- References.- 7. Explosive Welding in Planar Geometries.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Material Combinations and Flyer Thicknesses.- 7.3. Basic Welding Geometries.- 7.4. Selection of Bonding Parameters.- 7.5. Direct Measurement of Bonding Parameters.- 7.6. Miscellaneous Welding Geometries for Sheets and Plates.- 7.7. Welding of Foils.- 7.8. Applications.- 7.9. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 8. Welding of Tubular, Rod and Special Assemblies.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Explosive and Implosive Welding Systems and Bonding Parameters.- 8.3. Welding of Duplex and Triplex Cylinders.- 8.4. Tube-to-tubeplate Welding.- 8.5. Explosive Plugging of Tubes in Tubeplates.- 8.6. Multilayer Foil Reinforced Cylinders.- 8.7. Interface Wire Mesh Reinforcement.- 8.8. Transition Joints.- 8.9. Solid and Hollow Axisymmetric Components.- References.- 9. Explosive Forming.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Formability of Engineering Alloys.- 9.3. Mechanical Properties of Explosively formed Components.- 9.4. Air and Underwater Forming Systems.- 9.5. Die and Dieless Forming.- 9.6. Analysis of Final Shapes in Free-Forming.- 9.7. Parameters and Analysis of Die Design.- 9.8. Forming of Domes and of Elements of Spherical Vessels.- 9.9. Forming and Punching of Tubular Components.- 9.10. Miscellaneous Forming Operations.- 9.11. Conclusion.- References.- 10. Powder Compaction.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Dynamic Compressibility of Powders.- 10.3. Type of Shock Wave and Density Distribution.- 10.4. Temperature and Strain Rate Effects.- 10.5. Phase Transitions in Shock Loading Mixtures.- 10.6. General Mechanical Properties of Compacted Powders.- 10.7. X-ray and Other Methods of Evaluating Residual Stress Distribution.- 10.8. Basic Problems in Fabricating Semi-finished Parts.- 10.9. Static and Dynamic Compaction: A Comparison of Material Properties.- References.
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