Which were the reasons for implementing export cartel legislation? How did various social events affect the export cartel debate? Who were the main actors that shaped this debate? Which are the solutions proposed to this issue? This book tries to answer these questions and supports the view that a multilateral agreement on export cartels with WTO oversight is the best available solution. The current work describes the fours waves of export cartel thinking and offers an overview of the papers that have been written to date and of the ideas developed in relation to this subject matter.