Extracellular Composite Matrices in Arthropods
Herausgegeben:Cohen, Ephraim; Moussian, Bernard
Extracellular Composite Matrices in Arthropods
Herausgegeben:Cohen, Ephraim; Moussian, Bernard
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Emphasis is placed on the elaborate cuticular matrices in insects and crustaceans, spider and insect silks, sialomes of phytophagous and blood-feeding arthropods as well as on secretions of male and female accessory glands. Focus is placed largely on insects, due to the extensive body of published research that in part is the result of available whole genome sequences of several model species (in particular Drosophila melanogaster) and accessible ESTs for other species. Such advances have facilitated fundamental insights into genomic, proteomic and molecular biology-based physiology. This new…mehr
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Emphasis is placed on the elaborate cuticular matrices in insects and crustaceans, spider and insect silks, sialomes of phytophagous and blood-feeding arthropods as well as on secretions of male and female accessory glands. Focus is placed largely on insects, due to the extensive body of published research that in part is the result of available whole genome sequences of several model species (in particular Drosophila melanogaster) and accessible ESTs for other species. Such advances have facilitated fundamental insights into genomic, proteomic and molecular biology-based physiology. This new volume contains comprehensive contributions on extracellular composite matrices in arthropods. The building blocks of such matrices are formed in and secreted by single layered epithelial cells into exterior domains where their final assembly takes place.Additionally, the unique mechanical properties of natural biocomposites like chitin/chitosan, the crustacean mineralized exoskeleton, the pliant protein resilin or insect and spider silks, have inspired basic and applied research that yield sophistical biomimetics and structural biocomposite hybrids important for future industrial and biomedical use. In summary, this book provides an invaluable vast source of basic and applied information for a plethora of scientists as well as textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Springer / Springer International Publishing / Springer, Berlin
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-3-319-82169-6
- Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016
- Seitenzahl: 728
- Erscheinungstermin: 30. April 2018
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 235mm x 155mm x 37mm
- Gewicht: 1216g
- ISBN-13: 9783319821696
- ISBN-10: 3319821695
- Artikelnr.: 53571588
- Verlag: Springer / Springer International Publishing / Springer, Berlin
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-3-319-82169-6
- Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016
- Seitenzahl: 728
- Erscheinungstermin: 30. April 2018
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 235mm x 155mm x 37mm
- Gewicht: 1216g
- ISBN-13: 9783319821696
- ISBN-10: 3319821695
- Artikelnr.: 53571588
Prof. Ephraim Cohen is the Morris and Helen Mauerberger Chair in Agricultural Entomology Academic degrees and appointments: 1972 Lecturer -Tel Aviv University 2000-2003 Head Dept. of Entomology 2001 Chairperson of the Steering Committee for Biological and Chemical Residues in Animals and Animal Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Israel The Hebrew University: 1978 Senior Lecturer 1985 Associate Professor 1990 Professor 1986-1989 Head, Plant Protection Studies 2000 Head, Dept. of Entomology 2004 The Morris Helen Mauerberger Chair in Agricultural Entomology Research Associate at University of California, Berkeley, California (Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory) 1977-1979; 1983-1984; 1989; 1994-1995. 1998-1999 University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 2004-2005 University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Part A Skeletal matrices 1 Genes of Cuticular Proteins and
their Regulation - H. Kawasaki1.1 Recent Classification of Cuticular
Proteins and the Construction of Cuticular Layers1.2 Factors that Affect
the Expression of Cuticular Proteins1.3 Application of Genome
Information1.4 Regulation of Gene Expression of Cuticular Proteins1.5
Future Prospects2 Chitin Synthetic and Degradation Pathways - S.
Muthukrishnan, Y. Arakane, H. Merzendorfer and Q. yang2.1 Introduction2.2
Structure of Chitin2.3 Higher Order Structures Involving Chitin Fibers in
the Cuticle2.4 Higher Order Structures in the Peritrophic Matrix2.5
Precursors of Chitin and generation of Activated Substrates2.6 Towards
the Mode of Action of Insect Chitin Synthases2.7 Regulation of Chitin
Synthesis2.8 Chitin deacetylation and Possible Role in Cuticle Assembly2.9
Chitin deacetylases in Insects2.10 Chitin Degradation 2.11 Chitinolytic
N-Acetylglucosaminidase and their Genes2.12 Additional Proteins Involved in
Chitin Protection and Degradation2.13 Cuticular Proteins Analogous to
Peritrophins2.14 Cuticular Proteins Belonging to R&R and Other Groups2.15
Concluding Remarks3 Molecular model of skeletal organization and
differentiation - B. Moussian3.1 Introduction3.2 Cuticles of Model
Insects3.3 Conceptual model of cuticle differentiation3.4 Outlook4
Resilin - The Pliant Protein - J. Michels, E. Appel, S.N. Gorb4.1
Introduction4.2 Biochemistry and molecular biology4.3 Identification and
visualization of resilin4.4 Mechanical properties of resilin4.5
Occurrence and function in different systems4.6 Biomimetics4.7
Conclusions and outlook5 The Mineralized Exoskeletons of Crustaceans -
S. Bentov, S. Abehsera and A. Sagi5.1 Introduction5.2 The
advantage of mineralization5.3 Degree of mineralization5.4
Degree of crystallization5.5 The combination of calcium carbonate and
calcium phosphate5.6 Involvement of proteins and genes5.7
Potential biomimetic applications inspired by the crustacean exoskeleton5.8
Concluding remarks6 Tyrosine Metabolism in Insect Cuticle
Pigmentation and Sclerotization - M. Y. Noh, T. Asano, J. J.
Kramer and Y. Arakane6.1 Introduction6.2 Functions of Key
Enzymes/Proteins Involved in Cuticle Pigmentation and Sclerotization6.3
Interactions and Functions of Pigments in Insects6.4 Hormonal
Regulation of Cuticle Pigmentation 6.5 Future Prospects and
Concluding Remarks7 Cuticular Hydrocarbons: Biochemistry and
Chemical Ecology - M. D. Ginzel and G. J. Blomquist 7.1
Introduction7.2 Chemical Composition of Insect Hydrocarbons7.3
Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis7.4 Ecological and Behavioral
Aspects7.5 Future DirectionsPart B Peritrophic Membranes and
Eggshell Matrices - 8 Peritrophic Matrices - H. Merzendorfer, M.
Kekenberg and S. Muthukrishnan8.1 Introduction8.2
Structural Components on the Peritrophic Matrix8.3 Peritrophic
Matrix Formation and assembly8.4 Peritrophic Matrix Properties and
Structure-Function Relationship of Peritrophic Matrix
Components8.5 Function of the Peritrophic Matrix8.6
Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens and Parasites to Cross the Peritrophic
Membrane Barrier8.7 Comparative Genomics: Peritrophic
Matrix Proteins in Different Insect Orders8.8 Peritrophic Matrix as
a Target for Pest Control8.9 RNAi-Based Strategies8.10
Concluding Remarks and Perspectives9 Composite Eggshell Matrices:
Chorionic Layers and Sub- Chorionic Cuticular Envelopes - G. L.
Rezende, H. C. M. Vargas, B. Moussian and E. Cohen9.1
Introduction9.2 Maternal Eggshell Layers9.3 Cuticular Egg
Envelopes of Arthropods9.4 Concluding RemarksPart C Skeletal
Components as Targets for Interference10 Targeting Cuticular
Components for Pest Management - D. Doucet and A. Retnakaran10.1
Introduction10.2 Structure of the Integument10.3 The
Epicuticle10.4 The Endocuticle10.5 Interfering with Chitin Formation
and Degradation10.6 The Exocuticle10.7 The Eclosion Cascade10.8
Identifying Other Possible Targets During Cuticle Genesis10.9
ConclusionsPart D Glandular Secretions - 11 Nature and
Functions of Glands and Ducts in the Drosophila Reproductive Tract F. W.
Avila, J. A. Sánchez-López, J. L. McGlaughon, S. Raman, M. F. Wolfner and
Y. Heifetz11.1 Introduction 11.2 Setting the Context 11.3
Reproductive Tract Development and Overview 11.4 The Male
Reproductive Tract 11.5 Fates of Male Secretions in Mated Females
11.6 The Female Reproductive Tract 11.7 Taking Control -
Female Secretions Shape Later Reproductive Functionality11.8
Concluding Remarks12 Molecular and Structural Properties of Spider
Silk - T. Crawford, C. Williams, R. Hekman, S. Dyrness, A. Arata and C.
Vierra12.1 Introduction12.2 Diversity of Spider Silk12.3
Natural Silk Extrusion Pathway12.4 Expression Systems for
Recombinant Silk Production12.5 Biomimicry of the Spinning Process,
Applications and Products12.6 Summary and Future Challenges13
Spider Silks: Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties and Biomimetic
Applications - S. Zhang and I-M Tso13.1 Introduction13.2
Biology of Spider Silk13.3 Factors Affecting Silk Mechanical
Properties13.4 Current and Potential Applications13.5
Summary and Future Expectations14 Insect Silks and Cocoons:
Structural and Molecular Aspects - K. Yukuhiro, H. Sezuku, T. Tsubota, Y.
Takasu, T. Kameda and N. Yonemura14.1 Introduction14.2 Silk
gland morphology14.3 Cocoons produced by lepidopteran larvae14.4
Fibroins in lepidopteran silks14.5 Sericins as glue proteins14.6
Differences in shape and function of silk glands among insects14.7
Different features in silks of non-lepidopteran insects14.8 Gene
modification in silk glands using transgenic technology for industrial
use14.9 Conclusions15 Glands of Drosophila melanogaster, A Model
System - R. Farka15.1 Introduction15.2 Larval Exocytotic Activity of
Drosophila Salivary Glands 15.3 Apocrine Secretion by Drosophila SGs
Vertebrates 15.4 Conclusions 16 Salivary Gland Secretions of
Phytophagous Arthropods - M. P. Celorio-Mancera and J. M. Labavitch16.1
Introduction16. 2 Salivary Glands and their Components16.3 Salivary
Components and the Interaction between Plants and Arthropods During
Herbivory16.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives17 Glandular
Matrices and Secretions: Blood-Feeding Arthropods - B. Mans17. 1
Introduction - Evolution of Blood-Feeding in Arthropods17.2 The
Vector-Host Interphase17.3 The Host Dermis and Defense Response17.4
Arthropod Modelling of the Host Matrix17.5 Arthropod
Modulation of Host Defenses17.6 Sialoverse17.7 Future
Perspectives
their Regulation - H. Kawasaki1.1 Recent Classification of Cuticular
Proteins and the Construction of Cuticular Layers1.2 Factors that Affect
the Expression of Cuticular Proteins1.3 Application of Genome
Information1.4 Regulation of Gene Expression of Cuticular Proteins1.5
Future Prospects2 Chitin Synthetic and Degradation Pathways - S.
Muthukrishnan, Y. Arakane, H. Merzendorfer and Q. yang2.1 Introduction2.2
Structure of Chitin2.3 Higher Order Structures Involving Chitin Fibers in
the Cuticle2.4 Higher Order Structures in the Peritrophic Matrix2.5
Precursors of Chitin and generation of Activated Substrates2.6 Towards
the Mode of Action of Insect Chitin Synthases2.7 Regulation of Chitin
Synthesis2.8 Chitin deacetylation and Possible Role in Cuticle Assembly2.9
Chitin deacetylases in Insects2.10 Chitin Degradation 2.11 Chitinolytic
N-Acetylglucosaminidase and their Genes2.12 Additional Proteins Involved in
Chitin Protection and Degradation2.13 Cuticular Proteins Analogous to
Peritrophins2.14 Cuticular Proteins Belonging to R&R and Other Groups2.15
Concluding Remarks3 Molecular model of skeletal organization and
differentiation - B. Moussian3.1 Introduction3.2 Cuticles of Model
Insects3.3 Conceptual model of cuticle differentiation3.4 Outlook4
Resilin - The Pliant Protein - J. Michels, E. Appel, S.N. Gorb4.1
Introduction4.2 Biochemistry and molecular biology4.3 Identification and
visualization of resilin4.4 Mechanical properties of resilin4.5
Occurrence and function in different systems4.6 Biomimetics4.7
Conclusions and outlook5 The Mineralized Exoskeletons of Crustaceans -
S. Bentov, S. Abehsera and A. Sagi5.1 Introduction5.2 The
advantage of mineralization5.3 Degree of mineralization5.4
Degree of crystallization5.5 The combination of calcium carbonate and
calcium phosphate5.6 Involvement of proteins and genes5.7
Potential biomimetic applications inspired by the crustacean exoskeleton5.8
Concluding remarks6 Tyrosine Metabolism in Insect Cuticle
Pigmentation and Sclerotization - M. Y. Noh, T. Asano, J. J.
Kramer and Y. Arakane6.1 Introduction6.2 Functions of Key
Enzymes/Proteins Involved in Cuticle Pigmentation and Sclerotization6.3
Interactions and Functions of Pigments in Insects6.4 Hormonal
Regulation of Cuticle Pigmentation 6.5 Future Prospects and
Concluding Remarks7 Cuticular Hydrocarbons: Biochemistry and
Chemical Ecology - M. D. Ginzel and G. J. Blomquist 7.1
Introduction7.2 Chemical Composition of Insect Hydrocarbons7.3
Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis7.4 Ecological and Behavioral
Aspects7.5 Future DirectionsPart B Peritrophic Membranes and
Eggshell Matrices - 8 Peritrophic Matrices - H. Merzendorfer, M.
Kekenberg and S. Muthukrishnan8.1 Introduction8.2
Structural Components on the Peritrophic Matrix8.3 Peritrophic
Matrix Formation and assembly8.4 Peritrophic Matrix Properties and
Structure-Function Relationship of Peritrophic Matrix
Components8.5 Function of the Peritrophic Matrix8.6
Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens and Parasites to Cross the Peritrophic
Membrane Barrier8.7 Comparative Genomics: Peritrophic
Matrix Proteins in Different Insect Orders8.8 Peritrophic Matrix as
a Target for Pest Control8.9 RNAi-Based Strategies8.10
Concluding Remarks and Perspectives9 Composite Eggshell Matrices:
Chorionic Layers and Sub- Chorionic Cuticular Envelopes - G. L.
Rezende, H. C. M. Vargas, B. Moussian and E. Cohen9.1
Introduction9.2 Maternal Eggshell Layers9.3 Cuticular Egg
Envelopes of Arthropods9.4 Concluding RemarksPart C Skeletal
Components as Targets for Interference10 Targeting Cuticular
Components for Pest Management - D. Doucet and A. Retnakaran10.1
Introduction10.2 Structure of the Integument10.3 The
Epicuticle10.4 The Endocuticle10.5 Interfering with Chitin Formation
and Degradation10.6 The Exocuticle10.7 The Eclosion Cascade10.8
Identifying Other Possible Targets During Cuticle Genesis10.9
ConclusionsPart D Glandular Secretions - 11 Nature and
Functions of Glands and Ducts in the Drosophila Reproductive Tract F. W.
Avila, J. A. Sánchez-López, J. L. McGlaughon, S. Raman, M. F. Wolfner and
Y. Heifetz11.1 Introduction 11.2 Setting the Context 11.3
Reproductive Tract Development and Overview 11.4 The Male
Reproductive Tract 11.5 Fates of Male Secretions in Mated Females
11.6 The Female Reproductive Tract 11.7 Taking Control -
Female Secretions Shape Later Reproductive Functionality11.8
Concluding Remarks12 Molecular and Structural Properties of Spider
Silk - T. Crawford, C. Williams, R. Hekman, S. Dyrness, A. Arata and C.
Vierra12.1 Introduction12.2 Diversity of Spider Silk12.3
Natural Silk Extrusion Pathway12.4 Expression Systems for
Recombinant Silk Production12.5 Biomimicry of the Spinning Process,
Applications and Products12.6 Summary and Future Challenges13
Spider Silks: Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties and Biomimetic
Applications - S. Zhang and I-M Tso13.1 Introduction13.2
Biology of Spider Silk13.3 Factors Affecting Silk Mechanical
Properties13.4 Current and Potential Applications13.5
Summary and Future Expectations14 Insect Silks and Cocoons:
Structural and Molecular Aspects - K. Yukuhiro, H. Sezuku, T. Tsubota, Y.
Takasu, T. Kameda and N. Yonemura14.1 Introduction14.2 Silk
gland morphology14.3 Cocoons produced by lepidopteran larvae14.4
Fibroins in lepidopteran silks14.5 Sericins as glue proteins14.6
Differences in shape and function of silk glands among insects14.7
Different features in silks of non-lepidopteran insects14.8 Gene
modification in silk glands using transgenic technology for industrial
use14.9 Conclusions15 Glands of Drosophila melanogaster, A Model
System - R. Farka15.1 Introduction15.2 Larval Exocytotic Activity of
Drosophila Salivary Glands 15.3 Apocrine Secretion by Drosophila SGs
Vertebrates 15.4 Conclusions 16 Salivary Gland Secretions of
Phytophagous Arthropods - M. P. Celorio-Mancera and J. M. Labavitch16.1
Introduction16. 2 Salivary Glands and their Components16.3 Salivary
Components and the Interaction between Plants and Arthropods During
Herbivory16.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives17 Glandular
Matrices and Secretions: Blood-Feeding Arthropods - B. Mans17. 1
Introduction - Evolution of Blood-Feeding in Arthropods17.2 The
Vector-Host Interphase17.3 The Host Dermis and Defense Response17.4
Arthropod Modelling of the Host Matrix17.5 Arthropod
Modulation of Host Defenses17.6 Sialoverse17.7 Future
Perspectives
Part A Skeletal matrices 1 Genes of Cuticular Proteins and
their Regulation - H. Kawasaki1.1 Recent Classification of Cuticular
Proteins and the Construction of Cuticular Layers1.2 Factors that Affect
the Expression of Cuticular Proteins1.3 Application of Genome
Information1.4 Regulation of Gene Expression of Cuticular Proteins1.5
Future Prospects2 Chitin Synthetic and Degradation Pathways - S.
Muthukrishnan, Y. Arakane, H. Merzendorfer and Q. yang2.1 Introduction2.2
Structure of Chitin2.3 Higher Order Structures Involving Chitin Fibers in
the Cuticle2.4 Higher Order Structures in the Peritrophic Matrix2.5
Precursors of Chitin and generation of Activated Substrates2.6 Towards
the Mode of Action of Insect Chitin Synthases2.7 Regulation of Chitin
Synthesis2.8 Chitin deacetylation and Possible Role in Cuticle Assembly2.9
Chitin deacetylases in Insects2.10 Chitin Degradation 2.11 Chitinolytic
N-Acetylglucosaminidase and their Genes2.12 Additional Proteins Involved in
Chitin Protection and Degradation2.13 Cuticular Proteins Analogous to
Peritrophins2.14 Cuticular Proteins Belonging to R&R and Other Groups2.15
Concluding Remarks3 Molecular model of skeletal organization and
differentiation - B. Moussian3.1 Introduction3.2 Cuticles of Model
Insects3.3 Conceptual model of cuticle differentiation3.4 Outlook4
Resilin - The Pliant Protein - J. Michels, E. Appel, S.N. Gorb4.1
Introduction4.2 Biochemistry and molecular biology4.3 Identification and
visualization of resilin4.4 Mechanical properties of resilin4.5
Occurrence and function in different systems4.6 Biomimetics4.7
Conclusions and outlook5 The Mineralized Exoskeletons of Crustaceans -
S. Bentov, S. Abehsera and A. Sagi5.1 Introduction5.2 The
advantage of mineralization5.3 Degree of mineralization5.4
Degree of crystallization5.5 The combination of calcium carbonate and
calcium phosphate5.6 Involvement of proteins and genes5.7
Potential biomimetic applications inspired by the crustacean exoskeleton5.8
Concluding remarks6 Tyrosine Metabolism in Insect Cuticle
Pigmentation and Sclerotization - M. Y. Noh, T. Asano, J. J.
Kramer and Y. Arakane6.1 Introduction6.2 Functions of Key
Enzymes/Proteins Involved in Cuticle Pigmentation and Sclerotization6.3
Interactions and Functions of Pigments in Insects6.4 Hormonal
Regulation of Cuticle Pigmentation 6.5 Future Prospects and
Concluding Remarks7 Cuticular Hydrocarbons: Biochemistry and
Chemical Ecology - M. D. Ginzel and G. J. Blomquist 7.1
Introduction7.2 Chemical Composition of Insect Hydrocarbons7.3
Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis7.4 Ecological and Behavioral
Aspects7.5 Future DirectionsPart B Peritrophic Membranes and
Eggshell Matrices - 8 Peritrophic Matrices - H. Merzendorfer, M.
Kekenberg and S. Muthukrishnan8.1 Introduction8.2
Structural Components on the Peritrophic Matrix8.3 Peritrophic
Matrix Formation and assembly8.4 Peritrophic Matrix Properties and
Structure-Function Relationship of Peritrophic Matrix
Components8.5 Function of the Peritrophic Matrix8.6
Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens and Parasites to Cross the Peritrophic
Membrane Barrier8.7 Comparative Genomics: Peritrophic
Matrix Proteins in Different Insect Orders8.8 Peritrophic Matrix as
a Target for Pest Control8.9 RNAi-Based Strategies8.10
Concluding Remarks and Perspectives9 Composite Eggshell Matrices:
Chorionic Layers and Sub- Chorionic Cuticular Envelopes - G. L.
Rezende, H. C. M. Vargas, B. Moussian and E. Cohen9.1
Introduction9.2 Maternal Eggshell Layers9.3 Cuticular Egg
Envelopes of Arthropods9.4 Concluding RemarksPart C Skeletal
Components as Targets for Interference10 Targeting Cuticular
Components for Pest Management - D. Doucet and A. Retnakaran10.1
Introduction10.2 Structure of the Integument10.3 The
Epicuticle10.4 The Endocuticle10.5 Interfering with Chitin Formation
and Degradation10.6 The Exocuticle10.7 The Eclosion Cascade10.8
Identifying Other Possible Targets During Cuticle Genesis10.9
ConclusionsPart D Glandular Secretions - 11 Nature and
Functions of Glands and Ducts in the Drosophila Reproductive Tract F. W.
Avila, J. A. Sánchez-López, J. L. McGlaughon, S. Raman, M. F. Wolfner and
Y. Heifetz11.1 Introduction 11.2 Setting the Context 11.3
Reproductive Tract Development and Overview 11.4 The Male
Reproductive Tract 11.5 Fates of Male Secretions in Mated Females
11.6 The Female Reproductive Tract 11.7 Taking Control -
Female Secretions Shape Later Reproductive Functionality11.8
Concluding Remarks12 Molecular and Structural Properties of Spider
Silk - T. Crawford, C. Williams, R. Hekman, S. Dyrness, A. Arata and C.
Vierra12.1 Introduction12.2 Diversity of Spider Silk12.3
Natural Silk Extrusion Pathway12.4 Expression Systems for
Recombinant Silk Production12.5 Biomimicry of the Spinning Process,
Applications and Products12.6 Summary and Future Challenges13
Spider Silks: Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties and Biomimetic
Applications - S. Zhang and I-M Tso13.1 Introduction13.2
Biology of Spider Silk13.3 Factors Affecting Silk Mechanical
Properties13.4 Current and Potential Applications13.5
Summary and Future Expectations14 Insect Silks and Cocoons:
Structural and Molecular Aspects - K. Yukuhiro, H. Sezuku, T. Tsubota, Y.
Takasu, T. Kameda and N. Yonemura14.1 Introduction14.2 Silk
gland morphology14.3 Cocoons produced by lepidopteran larvae14.4
Fibroins in lepidopteran silks14.5 Sericins as glue proteins14.6
Differences in shape and function of silk glands among insects14.7
Different features in silks of non-lepidopteran insects14.8 Gene
modification in silk glands using transgenic technology for industrial
use14.9 Conclusions15 Glands of Drosophila melanogaster, A Model
System - R. Farka15.1 Introduction15.2 Larval Exocytotic Activity of
Drosophila Salivary Glands 15.3 Apocrine Secretion by Drosophila SGs
Vertebrates 15.4 Conclusions 16 Salivary Gland Secretions of
Phytophagous Arthropods - M. P. Celorio-Mancera and J. M. Labavitch16.1
Introduction16. 2 Salivary Glands and their Components16.3 Salivary
Components and the Interaction between Plants and Arthropods During
Herbivory16.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives17 Glandular
Matrices and Secretions: Blood-Feeding Arthropods - B. Mans17. 1
Introduction - Evolution of Blood-Feeding in Arthropods17.2 The
Vector-Host Interphase17.3 The Host Dermis and Defense Response17.4
Arthropod Modelling of the Host Matrix17.5 Arthropod
Modulation of Host Defenses17.6 Sialoverse17.7 Future
Perspectives
their Regulation - H. Kawasaki1.1 Recent Classification of Cuticular
Proteins and the Construction of Cuticular Layers1.2 Factors that Affect
the Expression of Cuticular Proteins1.3 Application of Genome
Information1.4 Regulation of Gene Expression of Cuticular Proteins1.5
Future Prospects2 Chitin Synthetic and Degradation Pathways - S.
Muthukrishnan, Y. Arakane, H. Merzendorfer and Q. yang2.1 Introduction2.2
Structure of Chitin2.3 Higher Order Structures Involving Chitin Fibers in
the Cuticle2.4 Higher Order Structures in the Peritrophic Matrix2.5
Precursors of Chitin and generation of Activated Substrates2.6 Towards
the Mode of Action of Insect Chitin Synthases2.7 Regulation of Chitin
Synthesis2.8 Chitin deacetylation and Possible Role in Cuticle Assembly2.9
Chitin deacetylases in Insects2.10 Chitin Degradation 2.11 Chitinolytic
N-Acetylglucosaminidase and their Genes2.12 Additional Proteins Involved in
Chitin Protection and Degradation2.13 Cuticular Proteins Analogous to
Peritrophins2.14 Cuticular Proteins Belonging to R&R and Other Groups2.15
Concluding Remarks3 Molecular model of skeletal organization and
differentiation - B. Moussian3.1 Introduction3.2 Cuticles of Model
Insects3.3 Conceptual model of cuticle differentiation3.4 Outlook4
Resilin - The Pliant Protein - J. Michels, E. Appel, S.N. Gorb4.1
Introduction4.2 Biochemistry and molecular biology4.3 Identification and
visualization of resilin4.4 Mechanical properties of resilin4.5
Occurrence and function in different systems4.6 Biomimetics4.7
Conclusions and outlook5 The Mineralized Exoskeletons of Crustaceans -
S. Bentov, S. Abehsera and A. Sagi5.1 Introduction5.2 The
advantage of mineralization5.3 Degree of mineralization5.4
Degree of crystallization5.5 The combination of calcium carbonate and
calcium phosphate5.6 Involvement of proteins and genes5.7
Potential biomimetic applications inspired by the crustacean exoskeleton5.8
Concluding remarks6 Tyrosine Metabolism in Insect Cuticle
Pigmentation and Sclerotization - M. Y. Noh, T. Asano, J. J.
Kramer and Y. Arakane6.1 Introduction6.2 Functions of Key
Enzymes/Proteins Involved in Cuticle Pigmentation and Sclerotization6.3
Interactions and Functions of Pigments in Insects6.4 Hormonal
Regulation of Cuticle Pigmentation 6.5 Future Prospects and
Concluding Remarks7 Cuticular Hydrocarbons: Biochemistry and
Chemical Ecology - M. D. Ginzel and G. J. Blomquist 7.1
Introduction7.2 Chemical Composition of Insect Hydrocarbons7.3
Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis7.4 Ecological and Behavioral
Aspects7.5 Future DirectionsPart B Peritrophic Membranes and
Eggshell Matrices - 8 Peritrophic Matrices - H. Merzendorfer, M.
Kekenberg and S. Muthukrishnan8.1 Introduction8.2
Structural Components on the Peritrophic Matrix8.3 Peritrophic
Matrix Formation and assembly8.4 Peritrophic Matrix Properties and
Structure-Function Relationship of Peritrophic Matrix
Components8.5 Function of the Peritrophic Matrix8.6
Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens and Parasites to Cross the Peritrophic
Membrane Barrier8.7 Comparative Genomics: Peritrophic
Matrix Proteins in Different Insect Orders8.8 Peritrophic Matrix as
a Target for Pest Control8.9 RNAi-Based Strategies8.10
Concluding Remarks and Perspectives9 Composite Eggshell Matrices:
Chorionic Layers and Sub- Chorionic Cuticular Envelopes - G. L.
Rezende, H. C. M. Vargas, B. Moussian and E. Cohen9.1
Introduction9.2 Maternal Eggshell Layers9.3 Cuticular Egg
Envelopes of Arthropods9.4 Concluding RemarksPart C Skeletal
Components as Targets for Interference10 Targeting Cuticular
Components for Pest Management - D. Doucet and A. Retnakaran10.1
Introduction10.2 Structure of the Integument10.3 The
Epicuticle10.4 The Endocuticle10.5 Interfering with Chitin Formation
and Degradation10.6 The Exocuticle10.7 The Eclosion Cascade10.8
Identifying Other Possible Targets During Cuticle Genesis10.9
ConclusionsPart D Glandular Secretions - 11 Nature and
Functions of Glands and Ducts in the Drosophila Reproductive Tract F. W.
Avila, J. A. Sánchez-López, J. L. McGlaughon, S. Raman, M. F. Wolfner and
Y. Heifetz11.1 Introduction 11.2 Setting the Context 11.3
Reproductive Tract Development and Overview 11.4 The Male
Reproductive Tract 11.5 Fates of Male Secretions in Mated Females
11.6 The Female Reproductive Tract 11.7 Taking Control -
Female Secretions Shape Later Reproductive Functionality11.8
Concluding Remarks12 Molecular and Structural Properties of Spider
Silk - T. Crawford, C. Williams, R. Hekman, S. Dyrness, A. Arata and C.
Vierra12.1 Introduction12.2 Diversity of Spider Silk12.3
Natural Silk Extrusion Pathway12.4 Expression Systems for
Recombinant Silk Production12.5 Biomimicry of the Spinning Process,
Applications and Products12.6 Summary and Future Challenges13
Spider Silks: Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties and Biomimetic
Applications - S. Zhang and I-M Tso13.1 Introduction13.2
Biology of Spider Silk13.3 Factors Affecting Silk Mechanical
Properties13.4 Current and Potential Applications13.5
Summary and Future Expectations14 Insect Silks and Cocoons:
Structural and Molecular Aspects - K. Yukuhiro, H. Sezuku, T. Tsubota, Y.
Takasu, T. Kameda and N. Yonemura14.1 Introduction14.2 Silk
gland morphology14.3 Cocoons produced by lepidopteran larvae14.4
Fibroins in lepidopteran silks14.5 Sericins as glue proteins14.6
Differences in shape and function of silk glands among insects14.7
Different features in silks of non-lepidopteran insects14.8 Gene
modification in silk glands using transgenic technology for industrial
use14.9 Conclusions15 Glands of Drosophila melanogaster, A Model
System - R. Farka15.1 Introduction15.2 Larval Exocytotic Activity of
Drosophila Salivary Glands 15.3 Apocrine Secretion by Drosophila SGs
Vertebrates 15.4 Conclusions 16 Salivary Gland Secretions of
Phytophagous Arthropods - M. P. Celorio-Mancera and J. M. Labavitch16.1
Introduction16. 2 Salivary Glands and their Components16.3 Salivary
Components and the Interaction between Plants and Arthropods During
Herbivory16.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives17 Glandular
Matrices and Secretions: Blood-Feeding Arthropods - B. Mans17. 1
Introduction - Evolution of Blood-Feeding in Arthropods17.2 The
Vector-Host Interphase17.3 The Host Dermis and Defense Response17.4
Arthropod Modelling of the Host Matrix17.5 Arthropod
Modulation of Host Defenses17.6 Sialoverse17.7 Future
Perspectives