This research study focuses on female students' academic performance in Shinshicho Preparatory School Kacha Birra Woreda, Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was aimed to analyze factors that affecting female academic performance in Preparatory School. Primary and secondary data's were collected by trained enumerators using interview schedule, focus group discussion, in-depth interview and personal observation. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic methods. The study result revealed that Family factors, Economic factors,, school factors and psychological factors such are self-esteem of the female students, parents attitude towards female students, teachers attitude towards to female students, and community attitude towards to female students contributed to that factors which affecting the female students academic performance. Therefore, it is recommended that awareness workshop and panel discussion forms should be organized for parents, organizingsaving group at village level for parents, building dormitory near to preparatory schools, encouraging gender focused tutorial and school environment.