Buruli ulcer is a human skin infection caused by a mycobacterium present in the environment, Mycobacterium ulcerans. It is the most frequently encountered mycobacteriosis in tropical and intertropical areas, after tuberculosis and leprosy (AUBRY, 2008). According to the WHO (2006), this disease is currently reported in 33 countries, mainly in tropical regions with a hot and humid climate. Buruli ulcer is found in Latin America (Peru, French Guyana, Mexico), Asia (Indonesia, Japan), in the Western Pacific (Australia, Papua New Guinea). But it is in West Africa that the number of cases is impressive: 24,000 in Côte d'Ivoire, 11,000 in Ghana, 7,000 in Benin. In Central Africa, Buruli Ulcer has been confirmed by WHO (2005) in Congo, DRC, 51 cases, Uganda, 72 cases, Central Africa, Cameroon, 192 cases and Gabon. According to AUBRY (2008), after an incubation period of 6 to 12 weeks, the toxin (mycolactone) produced by the bacterium destroys cutaneous, subcutaneous and bone tissue. This toxin inhibits the immune system, and permanent disabilities are common.
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