Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher, best known for his scientific writings. Together with Charles Darwin and Thomas Huxley he was responsible for the acceptance of the theory of evolution. His well-known essay on Education, Intellectual, Moral and Physical was considered one of the most useful and profound books written on education. "During the years spent in writing various systematic works, there have from time to time arisen ideas not fitted for incorporation in them. Many of these have found places in articles published in reviews, and are now collected together in the…mehr
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher, best known for his scientific writings. Together with Charles Darwin and Thomas Huxley he was responsible for the acceptance of the theory of evolution. His well-known essay on Education, Intellectual, Moral and Physical was considered one of the most useful and profound books written on education. "During the years spent in writing various systematic works, there have from time to time arisen ideas not fitted for incorporation in them. Many of these have found places in articles published in reviews, and are now collected together in the three volumes of my Essays. But there remain a number which have not yet found expression; some of them relatively trivial, some of more interest, and some which I think are important. "I have felt reluctant to let these pass unrecorded, and hence during the last two years, at intervals now long and now short, have set them down in the following pages. Possibly to a second edition I shall make some small additions, but, be this as it may, the volume herewith issued I can say with certainty will be my last." Herbert Spencer, March 1902
English polymath Herbert Spencer worked as a sociologist, anthropological, biologist, psychologist, and philosopher. The phrase "survival of the fittest" was first used by Spencer in Principles of Biology (1864), following his reading of Charles Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species. Although the name primarily denotes natural selection, Spencer also embraced Lamarckism since he believed that evolution extends into the fields of sociology and ethics. Spencer created a comprehensive theory of evolution that included the progressive development of biological systems, the physical environment, human thought, culture, and society. He made contributions to many different fields as a polymath, such as politics, economics, anthropology, ethics, literature, astronomy, biology, sociology, and psychology. He attained great power throughout his lifetime, mostly in academic English-speaking circles. Although Spencer was "the single most famous European intellectual in the closing decades of the nineteenth century," his impact began to wane after 1900. Talcott Parsons questioned, "Who now reads Spencer?" in 1937. Spencer, the son of William George Spencer (often referred to as George), was born in Derby, England, on April 27, 1820.
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