The monograph highlights the results of theoretical and experimental research on the issues of soil tillage in its agricultural use and the problems of reproduction of its fertility. New approaches to soil as an object of agricultural use are proposed, the influence of soil treatment, fertilizers, chemical protection means on the quantitative and qualitative composition of soil microflora, its biological activity and reproductive function is analyzed. The questions of building a new system of agricultural production on a biogeocenotic basis are considered. The publication is intended for researchers, managers and specialists of agricultural enterprises, teachers and students of higher educational institutions, ecologists and other specialists in the field of environmental protection. Tab. 60. Il. 23. Bibl.: 92 titles.