Fertilisers help meet the need of food, fiber, fuel and feed for our growing population. Deficiency of plant nutrients in soil is on rise. To replenish the same for ensuring food security, use of fertiliser is indispensable. Plant nutrients need to be applied in balanced proportion on analysis of soil. Balanced fertilisation improves soil health.With increasing population day by day & and decrease in productivity of lands, fertiliser demand is also going exponentially around the world. Particularly, in India, Govt. of India has focussed to increase income of farmers by improving productivity of crops. The objective of this publication is to present types of fertiliser, their importance and production process of different fertilisers.