Fibronectins comprise a class of high molecular weight glycoproteins present both in extracellular matrices and in soluble form in body fluids. Although they have been studied for about forty years, their real significance emerged only during the past decade. Intensive research has focused on their role in platelet function, cell migration, the cytoskeleton, reticuloendothelial function, and on alterations in fibronectin distribution during development and disease. Fibronectins have emerged as glycoproteins with a very interesting set of properties generally involving adhesion of cells to…mehr
Fibronectins comprise a class of high molecular weight glycoproteins present both in extracellular matrices and in soluble form in body fluids. Although they have been studied for about forty years, their real significance emerged only during the past decade. Intensive research has focused on their role in platelet function, cell migration, the cytoskeleton, reticuloendothelial function, and on alterations in fibronectin distribution during development and disease. Fibronectins have emerged as glycoproteins with a very interesting set of properties generally involving adhesion of cells to cells or to extracellular material. In more recent years, the complete sequences of several fibronectin molecules and their genes were determined, the relation between structure and function was understood and much has been learned about cell surface receptors for fibronectins and other adhesive ligands. Having been at the forefront of all these exciting developments, the author has synthesized the entire field and with all the latest information at hand for the first time given it a clear perspective.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1. Introduction and Historical Overview.- 1.1 Beginnings: 1948-1976.- 1.2 Development: 1975-1977.- 1.3 An Expanding Field: 1978-1982.- 1.4 The Impact of Molecular Biology: 1983-1988.- 2. Methods for Identification of Fibronectins.- 2.1 Definitions.- 2.2 Purification of Fibronectins.- 2.3 Preparation of Antibodies.- 2.4 Immunofluorescence and Immunoperoxidase Staining.- 2.5 Immunoprecipitation.- 2.6 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA).- 2.7 Other Immunological Assays.- 2.8 Surface Labeling of Cells.- 3. Distribution of Fibronectins in Vivo.- 3.1 Phylogenetic Distribution of Fibronectins.- 3.2 Fibronectins of Body Fluids.- 3.3 Distribution of Fibronectin in Matrices in Vivo.- 4. Expression of Fibronectins by Cells in Culture.- 4.1 General Comments and Experimental Criteria.- 4.2 Fibroblasts.- 4.3 Mesenchymal Cells.- 4.4 Chondrocytes.- 4.5 Myoblasts and Myotubes.- 4.6 Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Cells.- 4.7 Endothelial Cells.- 4.8 Platelets.- 4.9 Neutrophils.- 4.10 Macrophages.- 4.11 Neural Crest Cells.- 4.12 Astrocytes.- 4.13 Schwann Cells.- 4.14 Neurons and Neuroblastomas.- 4.15 Hepatocytes.- 4.16 Kidney Cells.- 4.17 Mammary Gland Cells.- 4.18 Amniotic Epithelial Cells.- 4.19 Keratinocytes.- 4.20 Other Epithelial Cells.- 4.21 Teratocarcinoma Cells and Their Derivatives.- 5. Interactions of Fibronectins.- 5.1 Gelatin and Collagen.- 5.2 Fibrin and Fibrinogen.- 5.3 Factor XHIa and Other Transglutaminases.- 5.4 Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans.- 5.5 Gangliosides and Phospholipids.- 5.6 Actin and Other Cytoskeletal Proteins.- 5.7 DNA.- 5.8 Clq Component of Complement.- 5.9 Amyloid P and C-Reactive Protein.- 5.10 Acetylcholinesterase.- 5.11 Thrombospondin.- 5.12 Conclusions.- 6. Structure of Fibronectins.- 6.1 Overview.- 6.2 Fragmentation andLocation of Binding Sites.- 6.3 Primary Structure.- 6.4 A Single Fibronectin Gene Encodes Multiple Fibronectins.- 6.5 Post-Translational Modifications.- 6.6 Secondary and Tertiary Structure.- 6.7 Conclusions.- 7. Biosynthesis and Fibrillogenesis.- 7.1 Kinetics of Synthesis and Glycosylation.- 7.2 Disulfide Bonding.- 7.3 Composition of the Extracellular Matrix.- 7.4 Matrix Formation and Structure.- 7.5 Regulation of Levels of Fibronectin.- 8. Cellular Adhesion and Cell Surface Receptors.- 8.1 Fibronectin Binding to Substrata.- 8.2 Attachment and Spreading of Cells on Fibronectin.- 8.3 Role of Other Molecules in Cellular Adhesion.- 8.4 Role of Fibronectin in Later Steps of Cellular Adhesion.- 8.5 Cell Surface Receptors for Fibronectin.- 9. Fibronectin and the Cytoskeleton.- 9.1 Correlations and Reciprocal Effects.- 9.2 Microscopic Evidence.- 9.3 Integrins and the Transmembrane Connection.- 10. Cell Migration.- 10.1 Fibronectin and Cell Migration in Vitro.- 10.2 Fibronectin and Cell Migration in Embryos.- 10.3 Fibronectin and the Logic of Cell Migration.- 11. Development and Differentiation.- 11.1 Morphogenesis.- 11.2 Differentiation and Growth.- 11.3 Conclusion.- 12. Oncogenic Transformation.- 12.1 Altered FN Expression.- 12.2 Phenotypic Consequences of Altered FN Expression.- 12.3 Possible Mechanisms of Loss of FN.- 13. Hemostasis and Thrombosis.- 13.1 Fibronectin and Platelets.- 13.2 Fibronectin in Blood Clots.- 14. Wound Healing, Inflammation, and Fibrosis.- 14.1 Wound Healing.- 14.2 Inflammation and Fibrosis.- 14.3 Conclusions and Future Prospects.- 15. Phagocytosis and Interactions with Pathogenic Microorganisms.- 15.1 Role of Fibronectin in Phagocytosis.- 15.2 Fibronectin Binding to Microorganisms.- 15.3 Plasma Fibronectin, Reticuloendothelial Function, Trauma, andSepsis.- 16. Implications for Future Research.- 16.1 Molecular Issues.- 16.2 Cellular Issues.- 16.3 Issues of Developmental Biology.- 16.4 Issues of Physiology and Pathology.- References.
1. Introduction and Historical Overview.- 1.1 Beginnings: 1948-1976.- 1.2 Development: 1975-1977.- 1.3 An Expanding Field: 1978-1982.- 1.4 The Impact of Molecular Biology: 1983-1988.- 2. Methods for Identification of Fibronectins.- 2.1 Definitions.- 2.2 Purification of Fibronectins.- 2.3 Preparation of Antibodies.- 2.4 Immunofluorescence and Immunoperoxidase Staining.- 2.5 Immunoprecipitation.- 2.6 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA).- 2.7 Other Immunological Assays.- 2.8 Surface Labeling of Cells.- 3. Distribution of Fibronectins in Vivo.- 3.1 Phylogenetic Distribution of Fibronectins.- 3.2 Fibronectins of Body Fluids.- 3.3 Distribution of Fibronectin in Matrices in Vivo.- 4. Expression of Fibronectins by Cells in Culture.- 4.1 General Comments and Experimental Criteria.- 4.2 Fibroblasts.- 4.3 Mesenchymal Cells.- 4.4 Chondrocytes.- 4.5 Myoblasts and Myotubes.- 4.6 Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Cells.- 4.7 Endothelial Cells.- 4.8 Platelets.- 4.9 Neutrophils.- 4.10 Macrophages.- 4.11 Neural Crest Cells.- 4.12 Astrocytes.- 4.13 Schwann Cells.- 4.14 Neurons and Neuroblastomas.- 4.15 Hepatocytes.- 4.16 Kidney Cells.- 4.17 Mammary Gland Cells.- 4.18 Amniotic Epithelial Cells.- 4.19 Keratinocytes.- 4.20 Other Epithelial Cells.- 4.21 Teratocarcinoma Cells and Their Derivatives.- 5. Interactions of Fibronectins.- 5.1 Gelatin and Collagen.- 5.2 Fibrin and Fibrinogen.- 5.3 Factor XHIa and Other Transglutaminases.- 5.4 Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans.- 5.5 Gangliosides and Phospholipids.- 5.6 Actin and Other Cytoskeletal Proteins.- 5.7 DNA.- 5.8 Clq Component of Complement.- 5.9 Amyloid P and C-Reactive Protein.- 5.10 Acetylcholinesterase.- 5.11 Thrombospondin.- 5.12 Conclusions.- 6. Structure of Fibronectins.- 6.1 Overview.- 6.2 Fragmentation andLocation of Binding Sites.- 6.3 Primary Structure.- 6.4 A Single Fibronectin Gene Encodes Multiple Fibronectins.- 6.5 Post-Translational Modifications.- 6.6 Secondary and Tertiary Structure.- 6.7 Conclusions.- 7. Biosynthesis and Fibrillogenesis.- 7.1 Kinetics of Synthesis and Glycosylation.- 7.2 Disulfide Bonding.- 7.3 Composition of the Extracellular Matrix.- 7.4 Matrix Formation and Structure.- 7.5 Regulation of Levels of Fibronectin.- 8. Cellular Adhesion and Cell Surface Receptors.- 8.1 Fibronectin Binding to Substrata.- 8.2 Attachment and Spreading of Cells on Fibronectin.- 8.3 Role of Other Molecules in Cellular Adhesion.- 8.4 Role of Fibronectin in Later Steps of Cellular Adhesion.- 8.5 Cell Surface Receptors for Fibronectin.- 9. Fibronectin and the Cytoskeleton.- 9.1 Correlations and Reciprocal Effects.- 9.2 Microscopic Evidence.- 9.3 Integrins and the Transmembrane Connection.- 10. Cell Migration.- 10.1 Fibronectin and Cell Migration in Vitro.- 10.2 Fibronectin and Cell Migration in Embryos.- 10.3 Fibronectin and the Logic of Cell Migration.- 11. Development and Differentiation.- 11.1 Morphogenesis.- 11.2 Differentiation and Growth.- 11.3 Conclusion.- 12. Oncogenic Transformation.- 12.1 Altered FN Expression.- 12.2 Phenotypic Consequences of Altered FN Expression.- 12.3 Possible Mechanisms of Loss of FN.- 13. Hemostasis and Thrombosis.- 13.1 Fibronectin and Platelets.- 13.2 Fibronectin in Blood Clots.- 14. Wound Healing, Inflammation, and Fibrosis.- 14.1 Wound Healing.- 14.2 Inflammation and Fibrosis.- 14.3 Conclusions and Future Prospects.- 15. Phagocytosis and Interactions with Pathogenic Microorganisms.- 15.1 Role of Fibronectin in Phagocytosis.- 15.2 Fibronectin Binding to Microorganisms.- 15.3 Plasma Fibronectin, Reticuloendothelial Function, Trauma, andSepsis.- 16. Implications for Future Research.- 16.1 Molecular Issues.- 16.2 Cellular Issues.- 16.3 Issues of Developmental Biology.- 16.4 Issues of Physiology and Pathology.- References.
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