This book is based on empirical study on firm level factors, industry environment, competitive strategy and performance of large manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study is a cross sectional survey of 102 large manufacturing firms in Kenya. One of the key finding is that organizational structure had no influence on performamnce based on return on assets and that organizational culture did not influence performance based on customer perspective measure. This is a major contribution to body of knowledge in strategic management, that the performance measures matters in terms of whether firm performance being influenced by a independent variable or not. Scholars have to critically determine the most robust measure of firm performance in empirical studies.