Canvassing agriculture as the major source of livelihood for the vast majority of the population by way of introduction and assessing the current trends of spate irrigation in Ethiopia, which is fast spreading in the dry low land areas, the book lightly attempted to address some of the drivers for the recent expansion of spate irrigation in terms of political and agro-ecological dimensions. The typology of spate irrigation in the country (traditional and modern) are reviewed in both technical and socio-economical perspectives. The impacts of using traditional and modern spate irrigation on the household poverty and nutrition is presented.