As stated by its first editor, Dr. D. B. Roodyn, the primary goal of the series Subcellular Biochemistry is to achieve an integrated view of the cell by bringing together results from a wide range of different techniques and disciplines. This volume deals with the applications of fluorescence spectroscopy to membrane research. It seeks to present complementary biochemical and bio physical data on both the structure and the dynamics of biological membranes. Biophysics and biochemistry are improving more and more in their ability to study biomembranes, overlapping somewhat in this area and…mehr
As stated by its first editor, Dr. D. B. Roodyn, the primary goal of the series Subcellular Biochemistry is to achieve an integrated view of the cell by bringing together results from a wide range of different techniques and disciplines. This volume deals with the applications of fluorescence spectroscopy to membrane research. It seeks to present complementary biochemical and bio physical data on both the structure and the dynamics of biological membranes. Biophysics and biochemistry are improving more and more in their ability to study biomembranes, overlapping somewhat in this area and explaining the functioning of the whole cell in terms of the properties of its individual com ponents. Therefore, we have brought together an international group of experts in order to report on and review advances in fluorescence studies on biological membranes, thereby highlighting subcellular aspects. The first chapters present a critical evaluation of the current applications of dynamic and steady-state fluorescence techniques. Subsequent chapters dis cuss more specific applications in cells, biological membranes, and their con stituents (lipids, proteins).
1 Biomembrane Structure and Dynamics Viewed by Fluorescence.- 1. Introduction to Fluorescence.- 2. Dynamics and Structure of Membranes.- 3. Fluorescence Techniques and What They Make Visible.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- 5. References.- 2 Dynamic Structure of Membranes and Subcellular Components Revealed by Optical Anisotropy Decay Methods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Optical Anisotropy Decay.- 3. Examples of Application.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- 5. References.- 3 Principles of Frequency-Domain Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Applications to Cell Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Comparison of Time- and Frequency-Domain Measurements.- 3. Theory of Frequency-Domain Fluorometry.- 4. Intensity Decays of DPH-Labeled Membranes.- 5. Anisotropy Decays of Labeled Membranes.- 6. Time-Resolved Emission Spectra.- 7. Energy Transfer in Membranes.- 8. A 2-GHz Frequency-Domain Fluorometer.- 9. Future Developments.- 10. Summary.- 11. References.- 4 Time-Resolved Fluorescence Depolarization Techniques in Model Membrane Systems: Effect of Sterols and Unsaturations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Intrinsic Motional Properties of Some Widely Used Fluorescent Probes.- 3. Sterol-Phospholipid Interactions in Model Membranes.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- 5. References.- 5 Fluorescence Polarization to Evaluate the Fluidity of Natural and Reconstituted Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodology.- 3. Current Advancements in the Measurement of Ion-Membrane Interactions Using Fluorescence Polarization.- 4. Critical Evaluation of the Significance of Ion-Membrane Measurements.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 6. References.- 6 Fluidity of Thyroid Plasma Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thyroid Plasma Membranes.- 3. Fluidity of Thyroid Plasma Membranes.- 4. Modulation of the Adenylate Cyclase Activity by Manipulating the Plasma Membrane Composition.- 5. Involvement of Membrane Fluidity on Human Normal and Pathological Thyroid Glands.- 6. References.- 7 Spectroscopic Analysis of the Structure of Bacteriorhodopsin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principle of the Fluorescence Energy Transfer Technique.- 3. Three-Dimensional Disposition of the Retinal Chromophore in the Purple Membrane.- 4. In-Plane Location of NBD (7-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-l,3-Diazole) Bound to Lys-41 in the Purple Membrane.- 5. Conformational Prediction of Bacteriorhodopsin Molecule.- 6. References.- 8 Structure and Dynamics of the Liver Microsomal Monoxygenase System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Membrane Dynamics and Order Studied by Fluorescence.- 3. References.- 9 Fluorescence Studies on Prokaryotic Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fluorescent Probes.- 3. Structural Aspects of Bacterial Membranes.- 4. Periplasm.- 5. Incorporation of Exogenous Lipids into Prokaryotic Membranes.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 7. References.- 10 The Study of Cytoskeletal Protein Interactions by Fluorescence Probe Techniques.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Cytoskeleton.- 3. Fluorescence Probe Techniques.- 4. Alternative Luminescence Techniques.- 5. Summary and Future Prospects.- 6. References.- 11 Fluorescent Probes for the Acetylcholine Receptor Surface Environments.- 1. Introduction.- 2. An Overview of AchR Properties.- 3. PTSA: A Probe for Measuring AchR-Mediated Ionic Fluxes in the Physiological Time Scale.- 4. Pyrene-1-Sulfonyl Azide (PySA): A Probe for the Study of the AchR-Lipid Interface.- 5. Pyrene Maleimide (PM): The Labeling of a Functionally Relevant Sulfhydryl Group.- 6. State and Organization of the Lipid Bilayer in AchR Membranes.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 12 Structural Basis and Physiological Control of Membrane Fluidity in Normal and Tumor Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Quantitative Contribution of Individual Types of Lipid to Membrane Fluidity.- 3. Alterations in Membrane Fluidity in Lymphoid Tumor Cells.- 4. Effects of Dietary Lipids on Membrane Fluidity.- 5. References.- 13 Fusion of Enveloped Viruses with Biological Membranes: Fluorescence Dequenching Studies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Receptors for Enveloped Viruses.- 3. Interaction of Enveloped Viruses with Receptor-Depleted Cells.- 4. Theoretical Aspects of the Use of Fluorescence Dequenching to Measure Viral Fusion.- 5. Fusion of Enveloped Viruses with Animal Cells and Biological Membranes: Studies with Intact Virions.- 6. Use of Fluorescent Dequenching Methods to Study Fusion of Enveloped Viruses with Biological Membranes Lacking Virus Receptors.- 7. Role of Viral Glycoproteins in the Process of Virus Membrane Fusion: Studies with Reconstituted Viral Envelopes.- 8. Fusion of Enveloped Viruses with Negatively Charged and Neutral Liposomes.- 9. Role of Conformational Changes and Cooperativity of Viral Proteins in Mediating Membrane Fusion.- 10. Conclusions.- 11. References.
1 Biomembrane Structure and Dynamics Viewed by Fluorescence.- 1. Introduction to Fluorescence.- 2. Dynamics and Structure of Membranes.- 3. Fluorescence Techniques and What They Make Visible.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- 5. References.- 2 Dynamic Structure of Membranes and Subcellular Components Revealed by Optical Anisotropy Decay Methods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Optical Anisotropy Decay.- 3. Examples of Application.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- 5. References.- 3 Principles of Frequency-Domain Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Applications to Cell Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Comparison of Time- and Frequency-Domain Measurements.- 3. Theory of Frequency-Domain Fluorometry.- 4. Intensity Decays of DPH-Labeled Membranes.- 5. Anisotropy Decays of Labeled Membranes.- 6. Time-Resolved Emission Spectra.- 7. Energy Transfer in Membranes.- 8. A 2-GHz Frequency-Domain Fluorometer.- 9. Future Developments.- 10. Summary.- 11. References.- 4 Time-Resolved Fluorescence Depolarization Techniques in Model Membrane Systems: Effect of Sterols and Unsaturations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Intrinsic Motional Properties of Some Widely Used Fluorescent Probes.- 3. Sterol-Phospholipid Interactions in Model Membranes.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- 5. References.- 5 Fluorescence Polarization to Evaluate the Fluidity of Natural and Reconstituted Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodology.- 3. Current Advancements in the Measurement of Ion-Membrane Interactions Using Fluorescence Polarization.- 4. Critical Evaluation of the Significance of Ion-Membrane Measurements.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 6. References.- 6 Fluidity of Thyroid Plasma Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thyroid Plasma Membranes.- 3. Fluidity of Thyroid Plasma Membranes.- 4. Modulation of the Adenylate Cyclase Activity by Manipulating the Plasma Membrane Composition.- 5. Involvement of Membrane Fluidity on Human Normal and Pathological Thyroid Glands.- 6. References.- 7 Spectroscopic Analysis of the Structure of Bacteriorhodopsin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principle of the Fluorescence Energy Transfer Technique.- 3. Three-Dimensional Disposition of the Retinal Chromophore in the Purple Membrane.- 4. In-Plane Location of NBD (7-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-l,3-Diazole) Bound to Lys-41 in the Purple Membrane.- 5. Conformational Prediction of Bacteriorhodopsin Molecule.- 6. References.- 8 Structure and Dynamics of the Liver Microsomal Monoxygenase System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Membrane Dynamics and Order Studied by Fluorescence.- 3. References.- 9 Fluorescence Studies on Prokaryotic Membranes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fluorescent Probes.- 3. Structural Aspects of Bacterial Membranes.- 4. Periplasm.- 5. Incorporation of Exogenous Lipids into Prokaryotic Membranes.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 7. References.- 10 The Study of Cytoskeletal Protein Interactions by Fluorescence Probe Techniques.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Cytoskeleton.- 3. Fluorescence Probe Techniques.- 4. Alternative Luminescence Techniques.- 5. Summary and Future Prospects.- 6. References.- 11 Fluorescent Probes for the Acetylcholine Receptor Surface Environments.- 1. Introduction.- 2. An Overview of AchR Properties.- 3. PTSA: A Probe for Measuring AchR-Mediated Ionic Fluxes in the Physiological Time Scale.- 4. Pyrene-1-Sulfonyl Azide (PySA): A Probe for the Study of the AchR-Lipid Interface.- 5. Pyrene Maleimide (PM): The Labeling of a Functionally Relevant Sulfhydryl Group.- 6. State and Organization of the Lipid Bilayer in AchR Membranes.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 12 Structural Basis and Physiological Control of Membrane Fluidity in Normal and Tumor Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Quantitative Contribution of Individual Types of Lipid to Membrane Fluidity.- 3. Alterations in Membrane Fluidity in Lymphoid Tumor Cells.- 4. Effects of Dietary Lipids on Membrane Fluidity.- 5. References.- 13 Fusion of Enveloped Viruses with Biological Membranes: Fluorescence Dequenching Studies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Receptors for Enveloped Viruses.- 3. Interaction of Enveloped Viruses with Receptor-Depleted Cells.- 4. Theoretical Aspects of the Use of Fluorescence Dequenching to Measure Viral Fusion.- 5. Fusion of Enveloped Viruses with Animal Cells and Biological Membranes: Studies with Intact Virions.- 6. Use of Fluorescent Dequenching Methods to Study Fusion of Enveloped Viruses with Biological Membranes Lacking Virus Receptors.- 7. Role of Viral Glycoproteins in the Process of Virus Membrane Fusion: Studies with Reconstituted Viral Envelopes.- 8. Fusion of Enveloped Viruses with Negatively Charged and Neutral Liposomes.- 9. Role of Conformational Changes and Cooperativity of Viral Proteins in Mediating Membrane Fusion.- 10. Conclusions.- 11. References.
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