This book in a result of research carried out in Nyando District of Kenya, and discusses Food Security and Poverty Issues with special reference to Small-scale Farmers. The objectives of the research concentrated on establishing the influence of drought and floods on household food security, examining the socio-economic factors, population and health issues and; investigating the significance of poverty as an important aspect of food security among the small-scale farmers. The formulated null hypotheses assumed no relationship between household food security and the occurrence of droughts and floods, land availability, household size and labour, family health and, distance to market, among other factors. The hypotheses were tested using various statistical techniques to establish what explains the rampant food insecurity and the prevalence of rural poverty in the study area.The techniques of analysis included Multiple Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis, Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis.