Food security exists when all people at all times, have physical and economical access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary need and feed preferences for an active and healthy life. It includes food availability, access and utilization issues against temporal determinants that affect all the three elements of food security. This study confirmed rather than agro-ecology sociocultural dominantly and to some extent economic factors were decisive to determine food security status between Gumuz and non Gumuz farming communities.