Forest of the world is under serious threat owing to deforestation and fire. It is vital to understand the extent and pattern of deforestation to devise strategies before the problem results in massive environmental impact. On top of this identifying the degree of susceptibility of the forest to forest fire is also plays the same role. However, determining the extent and pattern of deforestation and identifying the level of susceptibility of the forest to fire is challenging by traditional approach. Thus, this book provides a technique to determine the extent, pattern and rate of deforestation. Moreover, it provides a method to analyze the degree susceptibility of the forest to forest fire. Although fire is one of the devastating factors for most vegetation,surprisingly it creates favorable condition for ericaceous vegetation of Ethiopian highland. The analysis in this book provides help to utilize GIS and remote sensing for forest fire susceptibility analysis, cover change detection and land cover pattern analysis. Particularly it offers useful information to professionals in GIS and remote sensing ,forestry, and agriculture fields.