Forest ecology is naturally part of ecological engineering, of which it could be an archetype. Its mission is to study the physical and biological bases of interactions between environmental factors and the functioning of forest ecosystems. It thus contributes to the improvement of knowledge concerning the action of the environment on species and stands.Forest ecology constitutes today the scientific foundation of silviculture, because it allows the forester to appreciate the existing interactions between the forest vegetation on the one hand and the conditions of the environment (climate, fauna, soil...ect) on the other hand the principal ecological factors of the environment influencing the life of the tree and are the climatic factors, the topographic factors, the edaphic factors and the biotic bills.